Engineering calculations

1. Laboratory, false ceilings Armstrong (Armstrong), light walls, gray carpet.

Input data: A room = 9 m, b = 6 m, h = 3,2 m, the Choice of lamps - the lamp of raster 18 W built in on 4 cold light lamps the ARS/R 4x18 type W, lamps luminescent 18 W, in one built-in raster lamp of 4 lamps F = 1150 lm (for a fluorescent lamp of production Philips TLD 18/54, standard of illuminating intensity E = 300лк at the level of 0,8 m from a floor (an effective area of a table), a degree of safety of Kz = 1,25, the ceiling reflectivity - 50, walls - 30, is hollow - 10.

Calculation.

1. Determination of the area of the room: S=a • b = 9 • 6 = 54 sq.m,

2. Definition of an index of the room: φ = S / (h1-h2) • (a+b)) = 54 / (3,2-0,8) • (6+9)) = 1,5

3. Capacity factor definition, proceeding from values of reflectivity and a room index: U = 51

The lamp luminescent raster built-in ARS/R 4x18

Ceiling
Walls
Floor
0,6
0,8
1,25
2,5

4. Definition of demanded number of lamps: N = (300 • 54 • 100 • 1,25) / (51 • 4 • 1150) = 8,63 ~ 9 lamps. Note: when replacing lamps luminescent raster built in ARS/R 4x18 on lamps luminescent built in raster but with a larger power of lamps of ARS/R 2x36 is required on a floor the room: N = (300 • 54 • 100 • 1,25) / (51 • 2 • 2850) = 6,96 ~ 7светильников.

2. Nulling

To define effectiveness of zeroing if protection of electro installation is executed by a safety lock with current of a fusible insert 20 A. Loop resistance "phase zero" equally 3 0м.

Solution. Short circuit current for reliable operation of protection has to in 3

time to exceed current of a fusible insert is Iзам = 3 x 20 = 60 A means.

Let's determine short circuit current for our case by a formula

I _кэ =

Conclusion. The safety lock with current of a fusible insert 20 Instead of will work.

In work ecological factors were not found.

CONCLUSION

Educational process represents difficult structure of education. Being one of basic elements of education a right choice of structure of educational process, influences correctness of perception of educational information, its assimilation, so, the percent of an education level of the being trained increases. Educational process is influenced by a set of factors, such as:

- skill of the teacher;

- principles of training;

- training material (educational information);

- training aids.

Each factor is very important therefore defects on any of them reduce level of high-quality transmission of educational information, quality of knowledge of pupils.

In this operation computer training aids - electronic textbooks are considered.

Existing software generally are intended for use in house conditions and aren't suitable for use in the educational process, not matching with in advance planned by development. Offered means have no opportunities for adaptation to educational process. At the same time, it is possible to mark existence practically in all these means of the information and instructive and learning component connected among themselves according to the concept of programmed training. Thus than more the modern and developed is the software, the better it receives comments, the more place in it is led out to information component and the more opportunities for adaptation and various active operation of users it has.

According to the explained provisions the open information system having means as representations and information search, and development and integration of additional components can determine requirements to the electronic textbook by informatics as. As a software the textbook shall conform to ergonomic requirements.

Different big information stream, quality and level of complexity created a problem of increase in volume of book manuals in which the pupil "rolls" every year. Connection of technical progress and educational information led to appearance of hypertext electronic manuals. Hypertext electronic manuals united the text, sound and graphic information that gives them enhanced features of perception of educational information.

For a small period the set of the different hypertext electronic manuals which variety led to appearance of separate system of their creation was created. As a result different electronic textbooks began to comprise more oblate or too the generalized material that led to loss of the principal information among unimportant details. Therefore by preparation and the analysis it is necessary to select and use information, selecting primary, backbone, concentrating attention on the basic concepts and laws. In our opinion, by development of such means, it is necessary to consider the following circumstances:

- the electronic manual is intended not only for training actually to a subject, it shall serve as means of study of methods and modes of work with other information systems;

- the electronic manual shall unite existing opportunities both reference systems, and systems of automated monitoring and training;

- the electronic manual, unlike paper, allows to consider more precisely specific features of each pupil due to variable presentation of a material and the organization of back coupling;

- main objective of use of computers - efficiency increase due to automation of mechanical operations, such as self-examination of the solution of standard jobs, search of the necessary information, etc.;

- means of adaptation of the electronic textbook to specific educational process as it is impossible to predict, development are necessary in which way will be used during training;

- the electronic manual shall give opportunities of development of the additional components most of different function and their integration into the manual environment.

So, electronic manuals shall meet the following requirements: scientific character, accessibility, problematical character, visualization, systematization of training, sequence of training, support of activity of pupils, support of consciousness of pupils, durability of assimilation of knowledge, unity of educational, developing and educational functions of training, support of identity of training, training interactivity, adaptability of training, systematization and structurally functional coherence of the provided training material, support of integrity and continuity of a didactic cycle of training, the maximum implementation of opportunities of computer visualization of a training material and others.

Thus, this stage of creation of the electronic textbook is reduced to need of preliminary development of structure of a training material for hypertext electronic manuals. Structuration of the electronic manual allows to separate accurately objectives in educational process, creates purposeful placement of the information necessary for full and volume perception of a material.

Thanks to structuring there is an opportunity to create a certain structure which will be directed on more effective educational process for different types of electronic manuals.

This research on the example of creation of the electronic textbook on rather narrow subject can serve as some sample of practical development of structure of any training material for representation in the form of the hypertext electronic manual.

By results of the made experiment it is possible to draw an output that in educational process it is necessary to apply educational electronic issuing and resources. As it is necessary to mark that it is possible to increase efficiency of educational process due to interest of pupils.

The objective is carried out completely. The developed electronic textbook can be put successfully into practice, implementing it in educational process.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16