Практичне заняття

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з навчальної дисципліни “Історія іноземної мови (англійської)

Змістовий модуль 2. Середньоанглійський період

Заняття № 5.

Тема: Граматична будова. Синтаксична будова. Словниковий склад. МОДУЛЬНИЙ КОНТРОЛЬ.

Час на проведення заняття – 2 години.

№	Навчальні питання	Орієнтовний час на відпрацювання, хв.
	Вступ
	Встановлення твердого порядку головних членів речення.
	Розвиток складного речення.
	Шляхи збагачення словникового складу та зміни в ньому.
	Запозичення з французької мови.
	Модульний контроль: тестування за ЗМ.
	Висновки та відповіді на запитання.

1. Give General Characteristics of ME Grammar.

2. What factors prove that the grammatical category of gender continues to decay in ME?

3. Which of the nominal grammatical categories were the first to decay?

4. Which of the cases of noun fell together in ME and what was the reason for that?

5. What factors promoted the reduction of cases within the system of the Noun and Adjective in ME?

6. How did the Genitive case of nouns develop in ME?

7. Was the process of the development of declensions the same in different dialects?

8. How did the category of number develop in ME?

9. Which of the noun declensions were the most “inductive”? What does the term mean?

10. What changes characterize the Adjectives in ME?

11. How did the forms of the degrees of comparison change in ME?

12. Speak of the Influence of the Reduction of Unstressed Vowels upon the Declination of Nouns and Adjectives.

13. Compare the OE and ME systems of personal pronouns. What changes characterize this group of pronouns in ME?

14. Explain the origin of possessive pronouns in English.

15. What new personal pronouns come into use in ME?

16. What new class of pronouns appeared in ME?

17. Which of the number forms disappeared in ME? Why did it happen?

18. What changes occurred within the system of demonstrative pronouns in ME?

19. What article was the first to appear in ME and what factors promoted its rise?

20. On what meaning is the opposition of the definite and the indefinite article based?

21. What is the connection between the rise of articles, development of pronouns and the decay of the declensions of adjectives?

22. Did any analytical forms develop within the system of the nominal part of speech in ME?

23. What new form-building means developed within the system of the Verb in ME?

24. What changes characterize the present tense paradigm in ME? In what does it differ from ModE?

25. How did the plural endings of the present tense develop in ME?

26. Which of the classes of verbs (strong or weak) are more productive in ME? Why?

27. What changes affected the classes of strong verbs in ME?

28. What changes affected the classes of weak verbs in ME?

29. Which of the preterite-present verbs that existed in OE went out of use in ME?

30. Speak of the Phonetic changes in the forms of preterite-present verbs?

31. What changes affected the verbs “should” and “would” in ME?

32. What OE irregular verbs were preserved in ME? Speak on their conjugation.

33. What can you say about the rise of Passive forms in ME?

34. 35.What can you say about the rise of Future forms in ME?

35. Why did the forms appear only in ME but not earlier?

36. What can you say about the rise of Perfect and Continuous forms in ME?

37. Speak of the Development of Non-finite forms of verbs in ME.

38. What changes affected the syntactical structure of English in ME period?

39. What were the semantic spheres to which the borrowings from French belonged?

40. What is the difference between the Scandinavian and the Norman influence upon English?

41. What main dialects existed in England in ME?

42. Name the linguistic units borrowed into English as a result of the Scandinavian invasion.

43. What phonetic features characterize the words of Scandinavian origin in English?

44. What geographical names are considered to be Scandinavian borrowings in English?

2.Виконання практичних завдань для закріплення матеріалу заняття.

1. How can you prove that the following geographical names are of Scandinavian origin: Whitby, Appleby, Brintoft, Lowestoft, Norwich, Аppleby. Saxon consequences of Tolnes, Warwick, Wandsbeck etc.?

2. What letters and digraphs were introduced into English by the Norman scribes?

3. What semantic sphere does each of the following borrowings belong to: autumn, harvest, table, chair, money, dinner, supper, air, river, large, terrible, stupid, tender, enter, consent, travel?

4. Try to find in the following extract the words which were borrowed into English during the ME period.

Between 1600 and the present, in armies, navies, companies and expeditions, the speakers of English - including Scots, Irish, Welsh, American and many more - traveled into every corner of the globe, carrying their language and culture with them. Today, English is used by at least 750 million people, and barely half of those speak it as a mother tongue. Some estimates have put that figure closer to 1 billion. Whatever the total English at the end of the twentieth century is more widely scattered, more than any other language has ever been. It has become the language of the planet, the first truly global language.

(R. Mc Crum and others The Story of English)

5. Analyse the following texts.

Hir over-lippe wyped she so clene

That in hir coppe ther was no ferthing sene

Of grece, whan she dronken hadde hir draughte

Ful semely after hir mete she raughte,

And sikerly she was of greet disport,

And ful plesaunt, and amiable of port.

clene —clean; OE clǽne;

coppe —cup; OE cuppe, n.f.n

draught — act of drinking; amount of liquid taken; rel. to OE draZan;

drinken —drink; QE drincan, s.v. 3;

ferthing — farthmg, small portion; OE feorDing, n.m.a

grece — grease (<OF graisse)

lippe —lip; OE lippa n.m.n;

mete — meat; OE mete, n.m.i;

over — over; OE - ofer

rucchen —to reach; OE reccan, w.v 1

semely — seemly, gracefully; borr. fr.

sene —see; OE sēōn s.v. 5;

so – so; OE swa;

wypen —wipe; OE wipian, w.v. 2;

Whan Zephirus eek with his swe breeth

Inspired hath in every holt and heeth

The tendre croppes, and the younge sonne

Hath in the Ram his halfe cours y-ronne,

And smale foweles maken melodye,

That slepen at the nyght with open ye,

(So priketh hem nature in hir corages):

Than longen folk to goon on pilgrimages...

breeth — breath; OE brǽÞ n.m.i;

cours —course (OF < Lat. cursus)

crop —crop; OE crop, n.m.a

eek — eke; OE ēāc;

every — every; OE ǽfre + ǽlc

half, halve —half; OE healf, n.f.ō;

haven — to have; OE habban, w.v. 3;

heeth —heath; OE hǽÞ n.m.n/i;

holt —grove, wood; QE holt, n.n.a;

inspiren – to inspire (<OF <Lat. inspirāre)

rinne —to run; OE iernan, yrnan, sv. 3;

sonne — sun; OE sunne, n.f.n;

sweete —sweet; OE swēte;

tendre — tender (Lat. tender);

whan — when;. OE hwan,

younge — young; OE ZeonZ;

Upon a day bifel, that he (Melibeus) for his desport is went in-to the feeldes him to pleye. His wyf and eek his doghter hath he left inwith his hous, of which the dores weren fast y-shette. Three of his olde foos han it espyed, and setten ladders to the walles of his hous, and by the windows been entered, and betten his wyf, and wounded his doghter with fyve mortaf woundes. (The Tale of Melibee)

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“Chees now,” quod she, “oon of thise thinges tweye,

To han me foul and old til, that I deye,

And be to yow a trewe humble wyf,

And never yow displese in al my lyf,

Or elles ye wol han me yong and fair,

And take your aventure’ of the repair

That shal be to your hous, by-cause of me...”

(The Wife of Bath’s Tale)

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