Переведите на английский язык предложения, содержащие причастные обороты.

The Objective Participial Construction (Complex Object)

a) 1. Мы слышали, как подсудимому зачитывали приговор. 2. Никто не слышал, как обвиняемый признал свою вину. 3. Люди внимательно слушали, как давались показания свидетелями стороны обвинения. 4. Обычно федеральные суды не слушают дела, возникающие на основании законов отдельных штатов.

b) 1. Люди хотят, чтобы общественный порядок поддерживался всегда. 2. Все осужденные хотят, чтобы право на защиту не только гарантировалось, но всегда соблюдалось. 3. Все хотят, чтобы преступления расследовались как можно быстрее. 4. Суд присяжных получил от судьи суммированное дело как со стороны закона, так и фактов.

The Subjective Participial Construction (Complex Subject)

c) 1. Видели, как арестовывали вора на месте преступления. 2. Слышали, как адвокат пытался доказать, что обвиняемый невиновен. 3. Сообщают, что свобода слова нарушается во многих странах. 4. Большинство обращений (в суд для слушания), которые получает Верховный Суд, отвергаются.

The Absolute Participial Construction

d) 1. Поскольку судебная власть в США является третьей ветвью Федерального правительства, система федеральных судов распространилась по всей стране с Верховным Судом во главе. 2. Все суды являются независимыми, причем федеральные судьи назначаются президентом пожизненно. 3. Верховный суд не может быть отменен Конгрессом, хотя он имеет право создавать и отменять федеральные суды, определять количество судей в федеральной судебной системе. 4. США имеют наиболее сложную судебную систему в мире, причем в стране создан 51 тип судов.

Additional exercises for Participle I, Participle II and Participial constructions.

1.* Прочитайте и переведите предложения, содержащие Participle I and Participle II.

a) 1. A constable must have reasonable suspicion justifying the arrest. 2. Being suspected of a petty larceny Henry Tucker was arrested. 3. A custody officer makes a written record in the presence of the person arrested, informing at that time the person orally of the grounds of his detention. 4. Having nothing more to say the prisoner kept silence. 5. Doubting that the person arrested would appear in court the custody officer decided to detain him. 6. Having decided not to prosecute the young man the police released him without bail. 7. Having no evidence against him we won't be able to charge him. 8. Following the criminal, the police car ran into a truck. 9. Having stopped and searched the man in the circumstances you acted unlawfully. 10. I wouldn't have journalists distorting the facts of the case.

b) 1. The hearing of the cases in the International Court of Justice is under the control of President or Vice-President elected by the Court itself. 2. The Court gives advisory opinions on legal matters referred to it by the General Assembly, the Security Council and other organs authorized by the General Assembly. 3. Tribunals chaired by someone who is legally qualified often consist of lay people. 4. Tribunals normally do not employ staff or spend money themselves, but their expenses are paid by the departments concerned. 5. It takes much longer to have a case heard in the Crown Court than in the Magistrates Court. 6. It is a royal prerogative to pardon a person convicted of a crime or to remit all or a part of a penalty imposed by a court. 7. When heard in public, such cases always attract a lot of public. 8. Appeals, if made, must be made promptly. They soon become time-barred.

2. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, раскройте скобки, употребляя Participle I или Participle II вместо инфинитива.

1. The case (to present) by Perry Mason was not an easy one. 2. It was rumoured that immediately following Judge Elmer's order (to bind) the defendant to the Superior Court for trial proceedings against Mason would be instituted. 3. (To find) guilty the defendant filed an appeal thus (to show) his dissatisfaction with the decision (to make) by the court. 4. In fighting crimes (to commit) by juveniles education is considered to be one of the main methods. 5. Criminal punishment can only be imposed by institutions and agencies (to empower) by the law, thus (to guarantee) legality.6. Of the cases (to submit) by various states to the International Court of Justice between 1946 and 1966 six were withdrawn before the decision was rendered.7. The decision of the International Court has no (to bind) force except between the parties (to concern). 8. The accused (to commit) for trial by the court of people in Nuremberg were the leaders of Nazi Germany who (to plot) for years against the people of Europe in 1939 unleashed the Second World War. 9. In England a (to convict) criminal (to exhaust) by the appellate procedure open to him may appeal only to the Crown.

3. Укажите предложения, содержащие причастные обороты и определите их тип. Предложения переведите.

1. The Courts of Appeal were established to hear most of the appeals growing out of district court actions. 2. I didn’t hear the evidence being pronounced in support of the defendant’s party. 3. We heard the witnesses for the prosecution being cross-examined at this trial. 4. We saw him being arrested for the violation of traffic rules. 5. He had the sentence repealed some days ago. 6. She had her car crashed in the traffic accident. 7. Many people come to a solicitor to seek legal advice and have their wills made up. 8. The USA has two distinct systems of law, state and federal, with each state having its own judicial system. 9. In Britain the Attorney-General is the Government’s Chief Law officer, with the Solicitor-General being his deputy. 10. If arrested, his guilt will be easily proved. 11. Having declared its independence on July 4, 1776 the United States had 13 original states, each one wanting to be sovereign and control its own affairs. 12. There are 700 Magistrates’ Courts and about 30,000 magistrates in the country, the Magistrates’ Courts being the most common type of law in England and Wales.

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