Comprehension questions

1. How can you explain the term "adaptation"? — The term “adaptation” means that to the existing items a modification has been made.

2. What is an innovation? — An innovation is really original product.

3. Give your own examples of innovations and adaptations. — I can name some innovations as: a radio, a computer, a telephone, an oven, an iron etc. I know some adaptations such as: a photo mobile phone, a radio-clock, an e-book, DigitalPhotoFrame.

4. Why are many innovations and adaptations manufactured and mar­keted by small businesses? — Small businesses produce the large quantity of products.

5. Why is it so important to obtain a patent? — A patent makes the business more successful.

6. Why does the failure of a new product take place? — It can happen because of uncareful market research, unreasonable prices,inadequate promotion and poor selling methods.

VOCABULARY PRACTICE 3.1

Exercise 1. Choose the necessary word and put it in the sen­tence (adaption, innovation, inadequate, patent, fail­ure, success, unreasonable).

1. Though market research tries to predict the trends, there is no sure success.

2. This product isn't original, it is an adaption.

3. Patent office receives applications from many young inventors.

4. If the price is unreasonable, the product won't be sold out.

5. A clock-television is an adaptation but the television itself is an innovation.

6. If a sure fail­ure is stopped, money and time can be saved.

7. They failed because of inadequate promotion campaign.

VOCABULARY PRACTICE 3.2

Exercise 1. Change the sentences according to the model.

Model: We must fulfill complete testing. Complete testing must be fulfilled.

1. They must expand the line. The line must be expanded.

2. You could apply for a patent. A patent could be applied for.

3. They should work out the details. The details should be worked out.

4. I must develop a new trend. A new trend must be developed.

5. We should design a line of clock-television. A line of clock-television should be designed.

6. You should start market research. Market research should be started.

Exercise 2. Answer the questions.

1. Why is it so important for a producer to apply for a patent? A patent makes business more successful.

2. How much time does it usually take for a new product to catch on? It usually takes a few years for a new product to catch on.

3. What is a big selling point of the items which you produce? We produce the radio-clock, a big selling point of it is an automatic turn-on-the radio regime instead of the alarm signal.

4. In what way can a consumer surprise the producer? Despite the prognosis of the specialists who do market research and testing a consumer may not choose he product because of the high price.

5. Would you like to produce something original or an adaptation? Ex­plain why. It is easier to modify or upgrade already existed products instead of inventing new innovations.

6. What are the conditions of successful product development? There are such conditions of successful product development as: a patent, careful market research and resting, reasonable prices, adequate promotion and smart selling methods.

7. What products are the market conditions fair for in this country? The market conditions are fair for adaptations in this country.

Exercise 3. Translate into English.

1.Цей продукт- модифікація старого. — This product is the modification of the old one.

2.Мілкі виробники виробляють велику кількість товарів. — Small businesses produce the large quantity of products.

3.Вам необхідно отримати патент на виробництво цього товару. — You need to get the manufacture patent for this product.

4.Ретельне дослідження ринку необхідне, щоб гарантувати успіх. — The careful market research is necessary to guarantee the success.

5.Знадобиться п'ять років для того, щоб ваша продукція отримала визнання. — It’ll take 5 years for your product to catch on.

6.Відключаючий пристрій з таймером-це те, що привабить користувачів. — The go-to-sleep button (the switching-off device with timer) is a big selling point.

7.Потрібно закінчити всі дослідження, перед тим як ми почнемо продавати нашу продукцію.— All the testing must be fulfilled before we begin to market our product.

8.Нам необхідно розширити лінію.— We must expand the line.

Exercise 4. Speak about product development of your busi­ness. Ask your colleague how he would plan product development.

(Anna and Olga are having lunch. Anna is Vice-President in charge of Product Development. And Olga is Vice-President in charge of the Le­gal Department).

Anna Hi!How is it going?

OlgaHello! Everything is OK. We are busy with a new line of radio-clock.

Anna That’s nice. Are you going to apply for a patent soon?

Olga Yes, we are. We are preparing the necessary papers now.

Anna And what did the Market Research say by the way?

Olga They think there is fair market for the product at the mo­ment but it will take a few years to catch on.

Anna Well, we'll have to turn a good promotional campaign.

Olga Undoubtedly.

Anna Well, it will be our advantage to have the patent on it as well. You have decided on the size, haven't you?

Olga We'll start with a small compact model. It will have switching on/off devices instead of alarm-clock. Market Research says that it is a bigselling point.

Anna Yes, the idea of a radio that turns itself off is great.

Olga Well, in future we'll probably expand the line to include dif­ferent designs and colours.

Anna Such a wonderful idea!

Olga I think we are close to a big success.

Anna Nevertheless, we must be very careful. Before we begin to market the radio-clock we must fulfill the most complete testing.

Olga exactly!

Anna What about the pricing?

Olga Market Research Department says we can't have too high price on this kind of item.

Anna It's evident we must be very careful. Maybe this time con­sumers will really surprise us.

Olga Let's hope for the best.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES 3

Exercise 1. Make the sentences negative.

Model: I will have the drawings prepared very soon. — I won't have the drawings prepared very soon.

1. It will take much time to catch on. — It won’t take much time to catch on.

2. I am sure this thing will be the biggest selling point. — I am sure this thing won’t be the biggest selling point.

3. They will run a good advertising company. — They won’t run a good advertising company.

4. They will make a new modification of electronic watch. — They won’t make a new modification of electronic watch.

5. This price will be inadequate. — This price won’t be inadequate.

Exercise 2. Put four questions of different types to each sen­tence (general, special, alternative, disjunctive).

Model: They will influence the consumer to buy their automobiles.

a) Will they influence the consumer to buy their auto­mobiles?

b) Who will influence the consumer to buy their auto- mo­biles?

c) They will influence the consumer to buy their auto­mobiles, won't they?

d) Will they influence the consumer to buy their auto­mobiles or other goods?

1. Their products will be available in every shop.

a) Will their products be available in every shop?

b) What will be available in every shop?

c) Their products will be available in every shop, won’t they?

d) Will their or our products be available in every shop?

2. The company will start their promotion campaign very soon.

a) Will the company start their promotion campaign very soon?

b) Who will start the promotion campaign very soon?

c) The company will start their promotion campaign or testing very soon, won’t they?

d) Will the company start their promotion campaign or testing very soon?

3. Our bank will make a loan to this corporation.

a) Will our bank make a loan to this corporation?

b) Who will make a loan to this corporation?

c) Our bank will make a loan to this corporation, won’t it?

d) Will our bank make a loan to this corporation or that shop?

4. They will need a lawyer to form their business.

a) Will they need a lawyer to form their business?

b) Who will need a lawyer to form their business?

c) They will need a lawyer to form their business, won’t they?

d) Will they need a lawyer or a notary officer to form their business?

5. I will consult my partner.

a) Will I consult my partner?

b) Who will consult my partner?

c) I will consult my partner, won’t I?

d) Will I or he consult my partner?

Exercise 3. Supply the correct prepositions or adverbs where necessary.

1. Which platform does the train start from?

2. Which platform is the train to arrive at?

3. The train is due to arrive in Manchester at 4.20.

4. The train is due to arrive in 20 minutes.

5. This train stops at every small station.

6. You can go to London by an overnight train.

7. There is no sleeping accommodation in this train.

8. Don't get off the train, it stops at this station in three minutes.

Exercise 4. Choose and use many, much.

1. There is much furniture in my sitting-room but there are not many things in my bedroom.

2. We sell much equipment to different countries of the world. Many foreign companies are interested in buying our machines.

3. We have received much information on the model AB pump from the Sellers lately.

4. There are always many dishes on the menu at the Dnipro restaurant.

Exercise 5. Supply the articles where necessary.

A process of studies is based on independent work. Each stu­dent is provided with the curriculums and training methodical plans, schedules of independent work and the qualification characteristics where the designation of specialist is defined in a detail. The methods of remote training adopted at our university, following an example of our colleges, substantially differ from the traditional methods of educa­tion. The given methods are also convenient because one should not come to an Academy by all means to attend the training meetings and sessions.

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