Essential Vocabulary

1. advice n an opinion you give someone about what they should do: (on/about) Could you give me some advice about buying a home? legal/medical/financial etc. advice If I were you, I’d get some legal advice. professional/expert advice I want to ask your advice about where to stay. to follow/take sb’s advice I followed my father’s advice and sold the car. a piece/word of advice Let me give you a piece of advice. Wear a blue suit to the interview. on sb’s advice On her doctor’s advice Smith decided to take early retirement.

advisable adj (not before noun) something that is advisable should be done in order to avoid problems or risks: Regular medical check-ups are advisable.

advise v [T/I] 1) to tell someone what you think they should do, especially when you know more about than they do about something: She needed someone to advise her. advise sb to do sth Evans advised her to leave London. advise sb against (doing) sth I’d advise you against saying anything to the press. 2) to be employed to give advice on a subject about which you have special knowledge or skill: She’s been asked to advise on training the new sales team. 3) to tell someone about something: We’ll advise you of any changes in the delivery dates. 4) you would be well/ill advised to do sth used to tell someone that it is wise or unwise to do something: You would be well advised to stay in bed and rest.

adviser n someone whose job is to give advice because they know a lot about a subject, especially in business, law, or politics: a financial adviser

2. credit n 1) a delayed payment: Most of cars are bought on credit. 2) praise: Credit for this win goes to everybody in the team. take/claim/deserve etc (the) credit She deserves credit for trying her best. 3) be a credit to sb/sth to behave so well or to be so successful that your family, team etc are proud of you: She’s a credit to her profession. 4) have sth to your credit to have achieved something: She already has two successful novels to her credit. 5) the credits (pl) a list of all the people involved in making a film or television programme, which is shown at the beginning or end of it 6) a successfully completed part of a course at a university or college: I don’t have enough credits to graduate. 7) an amount of money that is put into someone’s bank account or added to another amount: The company promised to provide credits to the customers who had been charged too much. 8) true, correct: The witness’s story gained credits with the jury.

credit v [T] 1) to add money to a bank account: The cheque has been credited to your account. 2) сredit sb with (doing) sth to believe or admit that someone has a quality or has done sth good: Evans is credited with inventing the system. 3) be credited to sb/sth if something is credited to someone or something, they have achieved it or are the reason for it: Much of Manchester United’s success can be credited to their manager. 4) to believe that something is true: difficult/ hard/impossible etc to credit We found his statement hard to credit.

3. current adj happening or existing now: the current President

current n 1) a continuous movement of water in a river, lake or sea: Strong currents can be very dangerous for swimmers. 2) a continuous movement of air: Some birds use warm air currents to help them fly. 3) a flow of electricity through a wire 4) an idea, feeling, or opinion that a particular group of people has: The committee reflects the different political currents within the organization.

4. get v [T/I] 1) receive: She got loads of presents. get sth from sb We got a letter from Pam this morning. get sth off sb (spoken inf.): I got it off my Dad. 2) obtain: We need to get help quickly. 3) bring: Run upstairs and get a pillow.4) buy: Where did you get that jacket? 5) make sth move: I couldn’t get the disk out of the computer. 6) make sb/ sth become sth: Sometimes she gets me angry. 7) make sth do sth get sth to do sth I couldn’t get the engine start. 8) make sb do sth get sb to do sth: I’ll get Terry to check the wiring for me. 9) understand: I don’t think she got the joke. get sth done: I got everything arranged in time. have got = have: I have got something to tell you. have got to do sth: I have got to (=must) finish my work in time. to get over a disease (fear, difficulties, grief, etc.): Don’t worry, the child will soon get over his illness. to get on sb’s nerves: Don’t get up and down every time, you’re getting on my nerves.

5. gut n 1) gut reaction/ feeling/instinct (informal): He had a gut feeling that Sarah was lying. 2) courage guts (pl. informal): It takes guts to start a new business on your own. 3) inside your body guts all the organs in someone’s body: There were blood and guts all over the place. 4) stomach (informal) = belly: He felt as if someone had just kicked him in the gut. 5) string 6) machine/equipment guts 7)most important parts guts (informal): the guts of the problem

gut v [T] 1) to completely destroy the inside of a building, especially by fire: The building was completely gutted be fire. 2) to remove the organs from inside a fish or animal in order to prepare it for cooking 3) to change something by removing some of the most important or central parts.

6. plot n 1) a secret plan by a group of people, to do sth. harmful or illegal: a plot to bomb the UN headquarters. 2) the events that form the main story of a book, film, or play: The plot was a little confusing. 3) piece of land: a vegetable plot.

plot v [T/I] 1) to make a secret plan to harm a person or organization, especially a political leader or government: They had plotted to blow up the White House. 2) also plot out to draw marks or a line to represent facts, numbers etc.: You can plot all these numbers on the diagram for comparison. 3) to mark, calculate, or follow the path of an aircraft or ship, for example, on a map: We plotted a course across the Pacific.

7. production n 1) the process of making or growing things to be sold, especially in large quantities: By September, the new motors were in production. 2) the amount of goods that are made or grown: a drop in oil and gas production 3) when sth. is produced through a natural process: the skin’s natural production of oil 4) a play, film, broadcast for the public, or the process of producing it: the new Shakespeare production at the Arts Theatre 5) on, upon (the) production of sth formal when you show sth.: Entrance is only permitted on production of a ticket.

product n 1) something that is grown or made in a factory in large quantities, usually in order to be sold as agriculture, dairy, software etc. products: He works in marketing and product development. 2) the product of sth: Paula was the product of a sheltered middle-class home. 3) the number you get by multiplying two or more numbers in mathematics 4)something that is produced through a natural or chemical process: Hemoglobin is a product of red blood cells.

produce v [T] 1) to cause a particular result or effect: As a policy, it did not produce the desired effect. 2) to make, write etc something to be bought, used or enjoyed by people: How did you manage to produce a meal so quickly? 3) to grow something or make it naturally: Plants produce oxygen. 4) show: When challenged, he produced a gun. 5) if someone produces a film or play, they find the money for it and control the way it is made: Costner produced and directed the film. 6) to give birth to a baby or young animal: An adult cat may produce kittens three times a year.

8. put v [T/I] 1) to place: Put more sugar in your tea. 2) to cause to be in a certain position or state: Jim was put to prison. 3) to express in words: I don’t know how to put it. 4) to subject, as to put sb to expense, inconvenience, test put aside to save, to move sth away: Put aside the book. put away to set aside, as to put away one’s things, books, a letter put back to replace, to move backwards: The clock was 5 minutes fast and he put back the hands. put down 1) to write down: Put down my address. 2) to explain the cause: The flu was put down to damp weather. put in to speak in favour, as to put in a word for a friend put off 1) to postpone: Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 2) to escape doing sth by making excuses: She tried to put me off with a jest. put on to assume or to pretend to have; to increase: His modesty is all put on. put out to cause to stop burning; to confuse or annoy: Put out the candle. put through to put in communication with sb by telephone: Put me through to the manager, please. put up to raise or to provide food and lodging or to lodge: The boy put up his hand eager to answer the teacher’s question. We shall put up at an inn for the night. put up with to bear: I can’t and won’t put up with all this noise.

9. salary n money that you receive as payment from the organization you work for, usually paid to you every month: The average salary is $ 39.000 a year. to be on a salary of sth be earning a particular amount: She is on a salary of $16.000. monthly/annual/yearly salary Parker’s annual salary is just under $48.000. Syn. pay, wage pay n money that you are given for doing your job: Nurses often work long hours for low pay. wage n money you earn that is paid according to the number of hours, days, or weeks that you work: He earns a good wage.

10. smart adj 1) quick in movement, brisk, as a smart walk (pace, trot, etc): He gave him a smart rap over the knuckles. 2) clever, quick-witted, skilful, as a smart man (boy, lad, student, lawyer, businessman, talker); a smart idea (report, saying, device, invention, etc.): He’s too smart for me. I can’t prove his guilt. 3) clever, often in an impudent way, shrewd, as a smart answer (reply, etc.): Don’t get smart on me, young man, or I’ll slap your face. 4) bright in appearance, new looking, as a smart house (car, garden, ship, etc.): They’ve painted their cottage yellow and it looks so smart. 5) elegant, as a smart dress (hat, shoes), smart clothes (society): I say, you do look smart. a smart aleck an impudent person who thinks he is clever: He’s a smart aleck.

smarten up v to get you act together: The manager told the workers to smarten up their weekly output.

11. way n 1) a road or track (used lit. and fig.): Are you going my way? to block the way to make movement difficult or impossible: Will you step aside, you’re blocking the way. clear the way (for sth or sb): Clear the way for the car. to make way (for sth or sb) to allow freedom to pass: All traffic must make way for a fire- engine. to give way 1) to break, to fail to hold up: The branch gave way and I fell into the stream. His legs gave way and he fell on his side. The army gave way (= retired) before the advance of the enemy. 2) to surrender oneself to sth: Don’t give way to despair. 3) to be replaced by sth: His anger gave way to curiosity. to go out of one’s way to do sth, to make a special effort to do sth: He want out of his way to do me a kindness (a favour, an injury). out –of -the –way remote: Students come to Kyiv from the most out-of-the-way parts of the country. 2) direction (used lit. and fig.): I was so ashamed, I didn’t know which way to look. to know (see, find out) which way the wind blows to know what the state of affairs is: He always seems to know which way the wind blows (is blowing). 3) progress; advance, as to make (push, fight, feel, force, elbow, shoulder, pick, etc.) one’s way (along, forward, to, towards, back, home, etc.): He pushed (elbowed, forced, etc.) his way through the crowd. 4) a method or plan; a course of action: Don’t change anything, I like it that way. to know one’s way about to know one’s course of action: You needn’t worry about her, she knows her way about and can take care of herself. all (quite, just) the other way about (AE around) quite the opposite: As far as I know he denied what he said before. Quite the other way about. He confirmed everything. (in) one way or another (other, the other): You’ll have to do it one way or another, there’s no getting away from it. 5) a characteristic method or manner of behaving: I don’t like his ways at all. to have a way with sb to be able to win the confidence and affection of people: She’ll make a good teacher, she has a way with children. It (this) is always the way with sb, it is always the case with sb: Tom failed me again, this is always the way with him. 6) respect, degree: In one way that explanation is satisfactory, but in another way it is not. in no way: The photos are in no way similar. by way of: 1) as a substitute for: He said something by way of apology. 2) via: He went to town by way of the old road. underway, as restructure underway: With the election campaign underway the candidates began giving a great deal of speech.

Exercises

1. Complete the following sentences using the Speech Patterns:

2. It rained … … all day. 2. He had never worked on the computer for long because … …. to look at the computers. 3. All that the boy needed is …. 4. That’s not the way …. 5. That won’t be the way …. 6. Grandchildren visited their granny …. …. during their summer holidays.

2. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Все, що їй потрібно, так це увага і співчуття. 2. Все, що мене найбільше здивувало у Джейн, так це її вміння тримати себе в руках. 3. Час від часу він надає благодійну допомогу хворим дітям. 4. Вона любить, коли їй час від часу дарують квіти. 5. Робота з цифрами викликає у нього головний біль. 6. Багато зайвих балачок викликають у неї головний біль. 7. Не треба так розмовляти зі старшими. 8. Не треба так вдягатися на звану вечерю. 9. Його колекція німих фільмів неперевершена. 10. Переживання змусили його серце калатати сильніше.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16