Secondary transportation

The final component in a logging system is secondary transportation and includes all wood movement from the landing or transfer point. Secondary transportation includes movement by truck, rail, or water. The following is a description of log transportation and unloading.

Log Transportation: Log transportation includes all log movements from a landing to an end-use or transfer point. Movement may be by truck, rail, water, or by a combination of two or more transportation modes. When log are loaded at the stump, as in some pulpwood operations, this is also considered secondary transportation.

Unloading can be considered either as an element of the log transporta­tion component or as a system component in its own right. Because of its direct impact on log transportation, however, we will consider unloading an element of the log transportation component.

Unloading: The unload or offload element involves removal of trees or tree segments from any transportation mode, such as truck, rail, or barge.

6. Вместо точек вставьте слова из следующего списка: the stump to, landing for, second major, cleared, wheeled or track-type, mechanized, wheeled or tracked, transportation component, transfer, some pulpwood

1. from …………. ……a landing

2. ……..... …………… loading

3. ……………………. component,

4. …………………… area

5. ………… ………… machines

6. …… ……………… process

7. ………… …… …. vehicle

8. log ….…………. ………….

9. ………. …………… point

10. …………………… operations

Skidding Skidding

Piling forwarding

7. Найдите в тексте п.5 модальные глаголы, определите время глагола.

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