1. The Russian scientist Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov was born in 1711, in the village of Denisovka near the town of Kholmogory, Archangelsk Gubernia, to the family of a fisherman. Taught to read and write by a literate fellow-villager, Lomonosov had soon read all the books he could obtain in his village. At the age of 17 he left his native village and made his way to Moscow. In Moscow he succeeded to enter the Slav-Greek-Latin Academy, the only higher educational institution in Moscow at that time.
2. His brilliant capabilities and hard work enabled him to complete the seven-grade curriculum of the Academy in four years. Lomonosov did not finish the last grade, as he was transferred together with eleven others of the best pupils to Petersburg to study at the University of the Academy of Sciences. Less than a year after he came to Petersburg Lomonosov was sent abroad to study metallurgy and mining.
3. After his return to Russia in 1741 Lomonosov soon became a professor in chemistry and a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Two centuries later S. Vavilov wrote about Lomonosov: "His achievements in the spheres of physics, chemistry, astronomy, instrument-making, geology, geography, linguistics and history would be worthy of the activities of a whole academy." A.S. Pushkin called Lomonosov "our first university."
4. Among the numerous discoveries of Lomonosov is the Law of Conservation of Mass. He also developed a corpuscular theory of the structure of substance in which he anticipated the present-day theory of atoms and molecules. Lomonosov considered chemistry his "main profession", but he was at the same time the first outstanding Russian physicist. He said that chemical phenomena could be treated correctly only on the basis of physical laws. Explaining chemical phenomena through the laws of physics, Lomonosov founded a new science, namely, physical chemistry.
5. Lomonosov gave all his energy to the promotion of Russian science. In 1755 Moscow University was founded thanks to the efforts and after the project of Lomonosov. This university became a major centre of Russian enlightenment and science.
6. Lomonosov died in 1765, at the age of 54.
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