Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

			Anthropology is known to include a number of subdisciplines studying different aspects of human life and nature.
			Anthropology studies a particular folk taking as a basis mainly direct observation of contemporary customs.
			Describing societies with more simple social organization anthropologists used the term «primitive» in the meaning of «inferior».
			In the 1990s and 2000s the crucial topic in anthropology was the use of the terms «hunter-gatherer», «forager», «simple farmer».

ЗАДАНИЕ N 26 сообщить об ошибке
Тема: Изучающее чтение с элементами аннотирования
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Anthropology
1. Anthropology is the holistic «science of man». The discipline deals with the integration of different aspects of the social sciences, humanities, and human biology. Anthropology includes archaeology, prehistory, physical or biological anthropology, anthropological linguistics, social and cultural anthropology, ethnology and ethnography. The word anthropos is from the Greek for «human being» or «person». Eric Wolf described sociocultural anthropology as «the most scientific of the humanities, and the most humanistic of the sciences».
2. The goal of anthropology is to provide a holistic account of humans and human nature. Since anthropology arose as a science in Western societies that were complex and industrial, a major trend within anthropology has been a methodological drive to study peoples in societies with more simple social organization, sometimes called «primitive» in anthropological literature, but without any connotation of «inferior». Today, most anthropologists use terms such as «less complex» societies or refer to specific modes of subsistence or production, such as «hunter-gatherer» or «forager» or «simple farmer» to refer to humans living in non-industrial, non-Western cultures, such people or folk (ethnos) remaining of great interest within anthropology.
3. The quest for holism leads most anthropologists to study a particular folk or people in detail, using biogenetic, archaeological, and linguistic data alongside direct observation of contemporary customs. In the 1990s and 2000s, calls for clarification of what constitutes a culture, of how an observer knows where his or her own culture ends and another begins, and other crucial topics in writing anthropology were heard. It is possible to view all human cultures as part of one large, evolving global culture.

Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.
The word «anthropology» comes from the Greek «anthropos» that means …

			«human being»
			«science of man»
			«primitive man»
			«humanistic science»

Решение:
Чтобы правильно выполнить задание, следует знать алгоритм обработки текстовой информации и, прочитав текст, завершить утверждение согласно содержанию текста.
Утверждение «The word “anthropology” comes from the Greek “anthropos” that means…» («Слово “антропология” происходит от греческого “антропос”, что означает…») следует закончить вариантом ответа «human being» («человек»), так как именно это утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.
Согласно тексту: «The word anthropos is from the Greek for “human being” or “person”» («Слово “антропос” – греческое, означает “человек” или “личность”») (фрагмент 1).

ЗАДАНИЕ N 27 сообщить об ошибке
Тема: Изучающее чтение с элементами анализа информации
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Anthropology
1. Anthropology is the holistic «science of man». The discipline deals with the integration of different aspects of the social sciences, humanities, and human biology. Anthropology includes archaeology, prehistory, physical or biological anthropology, anthropological linguistics, social and cultural anthropology, ethnology and ethnography. The word anthropos is from the Greek for «human being» or «person». Eric Wolf described sociocultural anthropology as «the most scientific of the humanities, and the most humanistic of the sciences».
2. The goal of anthropology is to provide a holistic account of humans and human nature. Since anthropology arose as a science in Western societies that were complex and industrial, a major trend within anthropology has been a methodological drive to study peoples in societies with more simple social organization, sometimes called «primitive» in anthropological literature, but without any connotation of «inferior». Today, most anthropologists use terms such as «less complex» societies or refer to specific modes of subsistence or production, such as «hunter-gatherer» or «forager» or «simple farmer» to refer to humans living in non-industrial, non-Western cultures, such people or folk (ethnos) remaining of great interest within anthropology.
3. The quest for holism leads most anthropologists to study a particular folk or people in detail, using biogenetic, archaeological, and linguistic data alongside direct observation of contemporary customs. In the 1990s and 2000s, calls for clarification of what constitutes a culture, of how an observer knows where his or her own culture ends and another begins, and other crucial topics in writing anthropology were heard. It is possible to view all human cultures as part of one large, evolving global culture.

Ответьте на вопрос:
Where did anthropology appear as a science?

			It appeared in complex industrial societies.
			It appeared in societies with simple social organization.
			It appeared in «primitive» («inferior») societies.
			It appeared in non-industrial, non-Western cultures.

Решение:
Чтобы правильно выполнить задание, следует знать алгоритм обработки текстовой информации при изучающем чтении, уметь анализировать получаемую информацию и, читая текст, находить ответ на поставленный вопрос.
Правильный ответ на вопрос «Где антропология возникла как наука?» – «It appeared in complex industrial societies» («Она возникла в развитых индустриальных обществах»), поскольку, согласно тексту: «…anthropology arose as a science in Western societies that were complex and industrial…» («…антропология возникла как наука в западных обществах, которые были развитыми и индустриальными…») (фрагмент 2).

ЗАДАНИЕ N 28 сообщить об ошибке
Тема: Изучающее чтение с выделением главных компонентов содержания текста
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Anthropology
1. Anthropology is the holistic «science of man». The discipline deals with the integration of different aspects of the social sciences, humanities, and human biology. Anthropology includes archaeology, prehistory, physical or biological anthropology, anthropological linguistics, social and cultural anthropology, ethnology and ethnography. The word anthropos is from the Greek for «human being» or «person». Eric Wolf described sociocultural anthropology as «the most scientific of the humanities, and the most humanistic of the sciences».
2. The goal of anthropology is to provide a holistic account of humans and human nature. Since anthropology arose as a science in Western societies that were complex and industrial, a major trend within anthropology has been a methodological drive to study peoples in societies with more simple social organization, sometimes called «primitive» in anthropological literature, but without any connotation of «inferior». Today, most anthropologists use terms such as «less complex» societies or refer to specific modes of subsistence or production, such as «hunter-gatherer» or «forager» or «simple farmer» to refer to humans living in non-industrial, non-Western cultures, such people or folk (ethnos) remaining of great interest within anthropology.
3. The quest for holism leads most anthropologists to study a particular folk or people in detail, using biogenetic, archaeological, and linguistic data alongside direct observation of contemporary customs. In the 1990s and 2000s, calls for clarification of what constitutes a culture, of how an observer knows where his or her own culture ends and another begins, and other crucial topics in writing anthropology were heard. It is possible to view all human cultures as part of one large, evolving global culture.

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