Continue each piece of argumentation by adding a few sentences.

1) There are two major problems in trying to clean up sports and keep them drug free. One is that the drugs do work. Although they have severe side effects, including cancer, many athletes feel that their only chance at a gold medal or a large professional salary is worth the risk.

The other problem: There seems to be a lack of public outrage over drug cheating. One U.S. track-and-field official says no corporate sponsor has ever mentioned the drug situation when signing any marketing contracts with the organization. An athlete should not have to risk harming himself or herself for life to compete with those who do cheat.

2) Having survived a century of warfare and political turmoil, the Olympic Games have become very successful in recent years, gaining more popularity and generating more money than ever before. A great deal of this popularity and wealth is due to the development of satellite communications and global telecasts. Not only can more and more people see the Games, but the television rights to the Games can be sold for hundreds of millions of dollars. With more money, the IOC can also subsidize the development of sports in less affluent nations. In return for their money, however, television networks have gained a strong influence on when, where, and how the Olympics will take place.

3) Sponsorship, form of advertising in sports, music, broadcasting, and the arts. Sponsorship became a major source of finance for sports in the 1970s, and takes several forms. Many companies sponsor sporting events, while others give money to individuals who wear the company's logo or motifs while performing.

Sponsors often seek to associate the name of their product with a particular show, event, or personality, thus enhancing the product’s image.

All types of important sports events have become dependent on multinational corporations, who pay millions of dollars to become official sponsors of the Olympic Games or World Championship and to use Olympic symbols in their advertisements. This has led to the commercialization of the Olympic movement and different championships.

Work in groups

13. Look at the photos and say what kinds of sport are presented on them.

B.
Find the appropriate definition to each kind of sport..

a) biathlon	1. a kind of sports in which people ski down a slope covered in snow then try to jump as far as possible
b) speed skating	2. a game for two teams of 11 players. They use long sticks with curved ends to try and hit a small hard ball into their opponent’s goal
c) ski jump	3. a kind of sports in which a person slides downhill over snow or ice on a sledge without runners
d) hockey	4. a long race in which sportsmen ski across open countryside
e) tobogganing	5. the sport in which people ride a narrow board like a skateboard without wheels over snow
f) cross country skiing	6. a sporting event which combines cross country skiing and rifle shooting
g) snowboarding	7. a kind of sports in which people wearing ice-skates race in a skating rink
h) freestyle	8. a sporting event in which skiers jump high and do acrobatic exercises in the air
i) figure skating	9. a type of ice skating in which you cut patterns in the ice and do jumps and spins
j) Alpine skiing	10. a type of speed skating in which skaters run as fast as they can inside a hockey rink
k) short track speed skating	the sport of skiing down mountains

B. Say what qualities are developed by these kinds of sport:

For ideas:

good for legs	a good opportunity to enjoy rivalry
good for arms	helps to show restraint
good for letting-off steam	good for controlling ones temper
good for general fitness	trains the ability to concentrate
trains flexibility	develops persistence
good for developing sense of balance	trains will
excellent for posture	contributes to mental development
can benefit thigh muscles	contributes to moral development
provides good exercises for most parts of the body	trains endurance and exercise tolerance
helps to train your eye	develops self-confidence
keeps us fit	trains reaction
develops cooperation skills	trains attention
develops strength	helps to accumulate energy
good for developing sense of grace and poise	helps to be courageous

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