About Automation

The word automation is short for automatization. Before the word was in common usage and embraced many fields of life from automatic dishwashers to missiles. The inclusion of so many fields under one word resulted from their many common characteristics.

Automation is not new. Primitive automatic machines appeared in early civilizations. But progress was slow. Man did not employ automation for useful work for centuries.

The chronological development of automation: first appeared devices to do work; second, devices and machines with controlling functions; and third, electronic computing devices. This sequence paralleled the growth in complexity of automation systems.

Automation is being used to eliminate hazardous tasks for humans, such as spray painting or work in hot environment. However, these are not the only activities which can be, and are being automated. Many factory jobs are not excessively hazardous. But they are routine and repetitive. As such, they can be taken over ultimately by programmed machines. The demand for human workers in these areas will decrease, as jobs are created in equipment installation, programming, monitoring and maintenance. Different skills for specific future jobs will be required, and that implies a major need for education and training programs.

The major trend today is toward total integration of manufacturing using computer technology.

Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) has opened the door to improved productivity, quality, and profitability for manufacturing facilities of all sizes. At the time, however, managing the integration of rapidly changing new technologies while continuously modernizing a manufacturing organization and it’s the single greatest challenge facing manufacturers today.

Exercise 18 Express the main idea of the text. Retell the text.

Exercise 19 Speak on the development of automation.

Unit 5

Robots

Ι. Vocabulary.

Exercise 1. Remember the following words and word-combinations:

1. transfer – передавання, переміщення

2. manufacturing operations – виробничі операції

3. material handling – автоматизоване переміщення деталей

4. material transfer applications – застосування автоматизованої передачі (переміщення) матеріалів

5. part – деталь

6. task – завдання, задача

7. relatively – відносно

8. to pick up – брати, підбирати

9. arrangement – прилад

10. to utilize – використовувати

11. gripper – захват, затиск

12. to grasp – схоплювати

13. a tool – інструмент

14. spot welding – зварювання крапками

15. arc welding – дугове зварювання

16. spray painting – покраска розпиленням

17. assembly – зборка

18. inspection – контроль

19. cost – ціна

20. manual labour – ручний труд

21. a sensor – датчик, сенсорний пристрій

22. quality specifications – специфікація якості

23. a substitute – заміна

24. repetitive – повторюваний

25. hazardous – ризикований, небезпечний

26. to handle – маніпулювати, обробляти, керувати

27. shift – зміна

28. processing operations – операції обробки

29. welding seam – зварювальний шов

Exercise 2. Guess the meaning of the following international words:

Manufacture, operation, material, conveyor, complex, calculate, machine, manipulate, spray, automobile, industrial, process, aspect, utilization, sensor, specification, basic, cycle.

Exercise 3. Form the words according to the models and translate them:

Verb + tion = noun

to operate-; to apply-; to inspect-; to calculate-; to manipulate-; to utilize-.

Verb + ment = noun

to arrange-; to require-; to move-; to place-.

Adjective + ly = adverb

relative-; recent-; manual-; easy-; simple-; safe-; possible-.

Exercise 4. Arrange the following words according to:

a) similar meaning (synonyms): complicated, application, observation, to position using, inspection, complex, to place, heavy, to handle, to manipulate, difficult.

b) opposite meaning (antonyms): difficult, new complex, easy, hazardous, to move, to exclude, simple, safe, to stop, to include old, to increase comfortable, to decrease, uncomfortable.

Exercise 5. Form antonyms by adding prefixes un-, re- to the following words and translate them:

Loading, comfortable, reliable, able, real, pleasant, important, to combine, to tool, to place, to arrange.

Exercise 6. Define the function of the Infinitive in the following sentences and translate them into Ukrainian:

7. The idea was to build a new machine.

8. Robot manipulates a tool to perform a process on the part.

9. To load and unload parts, machine operations utilize a robot.

10. Robot is a device to work in hazardous environment.

11. To manufacture robot is a difficult task.

12. The problem to be considered at the conference is of great importance.

13. The company advises to buy this equipment.

Exercise 7. Translate the following sentence fragments into Ukrainian:

· the problem to solve;

· the problem to be solved;

· the time to perform;

· the ability to work;

· the parts to be assembled.

ΙΙ. Reading.

Exercise 8. Read and translate Text A.

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