Electronics

Electronics is the science of electronic phenomena, devices and systems. It describes and applies the flow of electrons emitted from solids or liquids passing through vacuum, gases or semiconductors. Electronics as a science studies the properties of electrons, the laws of their motion, the laws of the transformation of various kinds of energy through the media of electrons. The basic elements in electronics are the electron tube and the transistor.

While physical electronics is the science of electronic processes, industrial electronics deals with the technology of design, construction and application of electronic devices.

The invention of electronic device is known to have become a new important phase in the development of electrical engineering. It considerably enlarged the application of electrical energy for various industrial purposes.

Electronics is evident to have made a great contribution to automation. It has extended the range of automatic control in large-scale industrial operations and made the processing of information rapid. Electronic computers have provided the basis for the construction of automatic lines, automated units, shops and whole plants, tools with programmed control, robots and manipulators.

The steering of big ships, jet planes, interplanetary rockets is controlled by electronic devices. Radio-electronic systems ensure reliable communication with space stations at distances amounting to scores of millions of kilometres. Hundreds of electronic devices perform various tasks on board every satellite and spaceship. Electronics penetrated into all the spheres of human activity from household appliances to artificial intelligence and search of outerspace civilizations.

Such advantages of electronic devices as microscopic size, high speed, low cost and reliability are likely to have no competitor. No wonder electronic technology is the most dynamic technology of the present industrial age. Electronics is sure to make still greater progress in the nearest future and help humanity gain new victories in science and engineering.

ΙΙΙ. Language.

Exercise 11. Match the words and word-combinations in column A with those in column B:

A B

1. property 1. винахід

2. invention 2. автоматизований вузол

3. electrical engineering 3. ціль, мета

4. considerably 4. конкурент

2. purpose 5. значно

3. to extend 6. властивість

4. to provide 7. надійність

5. reliability 8. проникати

6. to penetrate 9. забезпечувати

7. automated units 10. електротехніка

8. competitor 11. простягатися, поширювати

Exercise 12. Find English equivalents of the following word-combinations in the text:

Властивості електронів, застосування електричної енергії в різних промислових потребах, штучний інтелект, господарсько-побутові прилади, радіо-електронні системи забезпечують надійний зв'язок, інструменти з програмованим управлінням, автоматизовані лінії та автоматизовані вузли, обробка інформації.

Exercise 13. Complete the sentences using information from the text:

1. Electronic computers have provided the basis for...

2. The steering of big ships, jet planes, interplanetary rockets is controlled by...

2. Electronics as a science studies...

3. Electronics is a science of...

4. The basic elements in electronics are...

ΙV. Oral practice.

Exercise 14. Give definitions to the following word-combinations:

1. physical electronics;

2. industrial electronics;

3. the future of electronics;

4. electronic computers;

5. radio-electronic systems.

Exercise 15. Answer the following questions:

1. What is electronics?

2. What does it describe and apply?

3. What does it study?

4. What are basic elements in electronics?

1. What is physical electronics?

2. What does industrial electronics deal with?

3. What was the influence of electronics on the processing of information?

4. What have electronic computers provided?

5. What spheres did electronics penetrate into?

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