Закончите предложения подходящими по смыслу словами из текста.

1. Generally speaking, the most basic problem economics is
concerned with is.... It means that....

2. The three fundamental economic questions every economic
system must answer are....

3. At the same time it is necessary to take into account the
main types of economic systems. They are....

4. It should be stressed that there are four primary economic
goals that a society aims to achieve. They are....

5. Economic resources are means of producing an output of
goods and services. They include....

6. Economics operates on two levels,... and....

7. In free-market economies all decisions about resource
allocation are made by....

13. а) Познакомьтесь со схемой и назовите по-русски три основные про­
блемы, которые должна решать каждая экономическая система.

What Basic Questions Must Every Economic System Resolve?

WHAT		HOW		FOR WHOM
to produce		to produce		to produce
The economic system		The economic system		The economic system
must decide what goods		must decide how to		must decide which
and services to produce		produce each good or		members of society will
with its land, labour, and		service — determining		receive how much of the
capital.		what mix of land, labour,		goods and services
		and capital to use in		produced — the process
		production and what		of allocating income.
		production methods to
		employ.

Б) Каждая из приведенных ниже ситуаций требует решения одного из трех основных вопросов экономики. Скажите, какой экономический вопрос решается в каждой ситуации.

l.The Parliament debates how much money to allocate to education programs and space projects.

2. Management at a major machine-building plant decides to modernize technology.

Unit 10

3. The government debates the issue of increasing welfare payments and programs.

14. а) Познакомьтесь с приведенной ниже схемой • назовите четыре эко­номические цели, которых стремится достичь любое общество. В чем суть каждой цели?

» GOALS
^
PRINCIPALLY ECONOMIC GOALS
Efficiency	Price Stability	Full Emolovment	Growth
Obtaining the	It is desirable to	It is best to have	Economic growth
maximum	have the overall	an unemployment	comes from an
amount of output	level of prices for	level of not more	increase in the
per unit of input	goods and	than 4% or 5%,	production
helps in	services remain	considered full	capacity of the
overcoming	relatively constant.	employment.	economy.
scarcity.

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