Объясните родителю, что у ребенка воспаление среднего уха (письменно).

3. Перескажите текст.

UNIT 9.

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TONSILS AND ADENOIDS ENLARGEMENT

Tonsils and adenoids are the body’s first line of defense as part of the immune system. They identify bacteria and viruses that enter the body through the mouth or nose, but they sometimes become infected. Tonsils and adenoids are similar to the lymph nodes or “glands” found in the neck, groin, and armpits.

Tonsils are in the back of the throat.

Adenoids are high in the throat behind the nose and the soft palate. They are not visible through the mouth or nose without special instruments.

Tonsillitis is an infection of the tonsils. The symptoms are: redder than normal tonsils, swelling, and sore throat, sometimes accompanied by the earache, a white or yellow coating on the tonsils, fever, bad breath.

When adenoids are enlarged, the nose sounds blocked, the child breathes through the mouth and snores at night. Because the pauses in breathing for a few seconds at night and disturbed sleep the child may feel sleepy at daytime and have problems in school performance. Chronic infections of adenoids can lead to ear infections and buildup of fluid in the middle ear that may cause temporary hearing loss.

Tonsillitis is first treated with antibiotics. Removal of the tonsils (tonsillectomy) and/or adenoids (adenoidectomy) may be recommended if there are recurrent infections despite antibiotic therapy, and/or difficulty breathing due to enlargement of tonsils and adenoids.

1. Исправьте ложные утверждения информацией из текста (письменно).

1. Tonsils and adenoids identify only viruses.

2. When tonsils and adenoids get the bacteria they never become infected.

3. Tonsils and adenoids are similar to the muscles.

4. Tonsils are higher in the throat than adenoids.

5. A child with tonsillitis never has high temperature.

6. When there is an infection of the tonsils the ears are never painful.

7. When adenoids are enlarged the child breathes through the nose.

8. Children with enlarged adenoids usually have good results at school.

9. Chronic infections of the adenoids are not connected with the ear infections.

10. Tonsillitis is first treated with painkillers.

2. Составьте пошаговый план осмотра педиатром ребенка с подозрением на увеличение аденоидов (письменно).

SECTION 5. CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS

UNIT 10.

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TETRALOGY OF FALLOT

Part I

Tetralogy of Fallot is a combination of four birth defects that together make the structure of the heart and blood flow abnormal (Рис. 1). The condition was named after the French doctor who first described it in the late 1800s, Étienne Fallot.

The four defects that together make up tetralogy of Fallot are:

1. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) which is a hole in the septum, or wall, separating the two lower chambers, or ventricles, of the heart. The septum acts as a barrier that prevents blood from both sides of the heart from mixing together. But when there is a VSD, blood high in oxygen from the left ventricle can mix with blood low in oxygen from the right ventricle.

2. Right ventricular hypertrophy which is a thickening of the muscular wall of the right ventricle.

3. Displaced aorta which means the artery that carries high-oxygen blood to the body is above both ventricles, instead of just the left ventricle, as in a healthy heart. As a result some blood that is low in oxygen gets into the aorta and out to the body, instead of to the pulmonary artery, which would normally take it to the lungs to receive oxygen.

4. Pulmonary stenosis is a thickening of the valve that connects the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery (a blood vessel that carries low-oxygen blood from the heart to the lungs, where the blood receives more oxygen and then returns to the heart). With pulmonary stenosis, the heart works harder than normal to pump blood to the lungs.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-16