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Drafting the Introduction and conclusi0n

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INTRODUCTION

Write the Introduction to your paper last, so that you can make it a guide to the content and structure of the paper. Remember that you will discover things to say or add or change as you write the first drafts, so it would be a waste of time to prepare a polished introduction first.

The Introduction (2-3 pages) states what is to be discussed, introduces the object, subject, the goal and objectives of the research and claims its topicality. The theoretical background for an individual empirical research is outlined in Introduction (e.g. discourse analysis, the theory of genres, equivalence in translation, the theory of transformations in translation, the theory of lexico-semantic fields, functional grammar, the theory of term etc). The methods applicable for an individual research are explicated. The sources for supporting illustrative materials and the number of analyzed and registered examples are given. The final paragraph of the introduction may include key words (five to six words).

CONCLUSIONS

A good conclusion to a research paper is the logical outcome of all that has been said earlier. Usually, the research statement is repeated but not in exactly the same wording. Sometimes further research may be recommended in a conclusion. The end should not be sudden or abrupt. It is useful to restate the main points of your paper in a very summarized form but in different wording.

 

 

Література до практичних /семінарських/ занять

1.Бахтин М.М. Проблема речевых жанров//Бахтин М.М. Эстетика словесного творчества. Москва. 1979.

2.Бацевич Ф.С. Лінгвістична генеологія: проблеми і перспективи. Львів. 2005.

3.Левченко О.П. Науковий стиль: культура мовлення. Львів. Вид-во Львівської політехніки. 2012.

3.Яхонтова Т.В. Лінгвістична генеологія наукової комунікації. Львів. 2009.

4.Bordyuk L.V. Algorithm of Writing Student Research Papers in Applied Linguistics: Strategy. Structure, Methods & Steps. National University Lviv Polytechnic. 2008.

5.Ilchenko O.M. English for Science and Technology. Kyiv, 1996.

6.Jordan, R.R. (1996). Academic Writing Course. Harlow:Longman.Mauranen,

7.Mauranen, A. (1003). Cultural Differences in Academic Rhetoric. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.

8.Menasche, L. (1997) Writing a Research Paper. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.

9.Swales J.M. Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1990.

10.Yakhontova T.V.English Academic Writing. For Students and Researches. Lviv. Вид-во ПАІС. 2003.

 

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