Parameters Viscose products Cellulose acetate High-viscosity ether

Pulp origin

Wood HardwoodHardwood Softwood Hardwood Softwood Cotton

Process

Cooking

Bleaching

Method Reference Acid sulfite

ECF

PHK

TCF

Acid sulfite

ECF

PHK

ECF

Acid sulfite

ECF

Soda

ECF

Chemical properties

Chemical Composition

Carbohydrates [25]

Glucan rel% AX/EC-PAD 97.0 96.3 97.5 98.8 94.8 99.6

Mannan rel% AX/EC-PAD 0.5 0.2 1.2 0.2 2.0 0.0

Xylan rel% AX/EC-PAD 2.5 3.5 1.3 1.0 3.2 0.4

Extractives, Resins

Acetone extractives % ISO 624 (mod.) 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.06

DCM extractives % ISO 624 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.06 0.03

Kappa number T 236 cm-85 mod. 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.1

Organohalogen (OX) ppm DIN 52355 100 25 55 100 130 120

Total ash % LAG Z614 0.1 0.08 0.1 0.07 0.2 0.02

Metal ions

Mn ppm ICP-AES 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.5

Fe ppm ICP-AES 3 5 3 3 5 10

Mg ppm ICP-AES 10 50 10 15 100 15

Ca ppm ICP-AES 15 15 15 20 100 60

Si ppm ICP-AES 20 20 15 10 15 10

Macromolecular properties

Viscosity mL g–1 SCAN-CM 15:99 500 450 820 730 1500 2000

Mn kg mol–1 GPC-MALLS [36] 56 58 100 121 119 722

Mw kg mol–1 GPC-MALLS [36] 250 175 400 340 950 1300

PDI GPC-MALLS [36] 4.5 3.0 4.0 2.8 8.0 1.8

DP < 100 wt% GPC-MALLS [36] 5.0 2.8 2.0 1.5 0.0 0.0

DP > 2000 wt% GPC-MALLS [36] 25.0 15.0 45.0 38.0 65.0 95.0

Pulp Properties and Applications

Tab. 11.16 Continued.

Parameters Viscose products Cellulose acetate High-viscosity ether

Pulp origin

Wood HardwoodHardwood Softwood Hardwood Softwood Cotton

Process

Cooking

Bleaching

Method Referencea Acid sulfite

ECF

PHK

TCF

Acid sulfite

ECF

PHK

ECF

Acid sulfite

ECF

Soda

ECF

Functional Groups

Copper number % ZM IV/8/70 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.2

Carbonyl lmol g–1 CCOA [21] 14.0 6.0 9.0 4.0 6.0 3.0

Carboxyl

lmol g–1 methylene blue [95] 30.0 28.0 25.0 16.0 50.0 10.0

Physical properties

Single Fiber

Water retention value (WRV) % DIN 53814 73 71 71 80 71 54

Pulp sheet

Brightness % ISO ISO 2470 93.0 89.0 94.0 92.5 85.0 85.0

Basis weight g m–2 ISO 638 800 770 n.d. 700 720 600

Density

g cm–3 ISO 438 0.913 0.600 n.d. 0.530 0.570 n.d.

Application Tests

Viscose filterability [68] __ __

Cellulose ether (e.g. MHPC, MHEC,

CMC)

__ __ __ __

Cellulose acetate

[96] __ __

Alkali resistance

R10 % DIN 54355 89.0 92.0 93.5 97.7 93.8 98.5

R18

% DIN 54355 95.0 96.5 96.5 98.2 95.0 99.2

References 1063

References

Sections 11.1–11.2

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Rydholm, S.A., Pulping Processes.

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Yllner, S., B. Enstrom, Studies of the

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Yllner, S., B. Enstrom, Studies of the

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Dahlmann, O., J. Sjoeberg. Comparative

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