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Environmental Aspects of Pulp Production

Hans-Ulrich Suss

10.1

Introduction

Since the production of pulp uses the renewable resource wood, the environmental

Impact starts with the selection of the tree species and their planting. All forestry

Operations have an environmental impact. Forestry certification, for example

by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), is used to describe “best” conditions.

Logging processes and the transport of wood similarly have an impact, as can

Wood storage and debarking. Bark can be described as the natural protection of

Trees against biological activity. Fungi and bacteria use wood as nutrition source,

And therefore trees naturally produce compounds (e.g., resin acids) that have a

Certain toxicity and a very high concentration of poorly biodegradable organic matter

To hinder rapid decay. The leaching of bark with water can result in a rather

High level of toxicity in such an effluent, and dry debarking is therefore preferred.

Bark is burned and used as energy source. Because bark is generally richer in

minerals than the corresponding wood [1], the ash content is usually more than

Which is ten times higher than that in wood. The resulting ashes contain

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