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COOKING
CONCURRENT
IMPREGNATION
CONCURRENT
COOKING
COUNTERCURRENT
IMPREGNATION
AND HEATING
EXTENDED
COOKING
Extraction
Liquor
White liquor
DILUTION /
DISCHARGE
STEAMING
Energy,
White liquor,
Wash filtrate
CHIPS
LIQUOR LIQUOR LIQUOR
Extraction
Liquor
LIQUOR
Energy,
White liquor,
Wash filtrate
Energy,
White liquor,
Wash filtrate
Extraction
Liquor
LIQU.
Fig. 4.147 Typical Lo-Solids process steps and flow regime [14].
4.2 Kraft Pulping Processes 389
390 4 Chemical Pulping Processes
The application of Lo-Solids pulping has led to reduced white liquor consumption
and improved washing efficiency in the digester. The latter can be attributed
mostly to higher extraction liquor flow rates. When running on a single extraction,
overloaded systems often experience screen limitations and countercurrent
flow restrictions. In such cases, when the digester cannot deal with the full quantity
of wash filtrate, the excess filtrate must by-pass the digester to the evaporation
plant. Such filtrate is lost for washing. Multiple extractions allow a larger total
flow of extracted liquor without excessive load on screens, and multiple wash filtrate
addition reduces the relative velocity of liquor and chip column in countercurrent
zones. It has been found that the improved chip movement, when
coupled with the increased extraction capacity, has boosted not only the washing
efficiency but also the digester capacity.
Further information regarding the general technological aspects of continuous
cooking is provided in Sections 4.2.8.3.4 and 4.2.8.3.5.
The Lo-Solids concept is undergoing continuing refinement in terms of accommodation
to cooking chemistry and reduced installation efforts. Someof the related technologies
are specifically addressing the requirements of a particular cooking application.
EnhancedAlkali Profile Cooking (EAPC) uses black liquor fromthe lower extraction,
together with white liquor, for impregnation [16,17]. The widely simplified process
configuration of the Downflow Lo-Solids concept is shown in Fig. 4.148.
Steam
Wash filtrate
Circulation transfer
White liquor
FILTRATE
PREHEATER
COOKING
HEATER
Pulp
Extraction liquor
Steam
Extraction liquor
Fig. 4.148 Typical Downflow Lo-Solids single-vessel hydraulic digester [8].
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