Life of Youth in Britain

Young people from all walks of life are united according to their interests by the established youth organizations in Britain. These organizations develop because of the contribution of both full-time and part-time youth workers and a great number of volunteers.

Outdoor pursuits involve anything from pony trekking to rock-climbing or canoeing and help young people go out from the confines of their home or their environment. Such pursuits nourish a spirit of self-reliance and help realize the importance of team-work under a good leadership. All the major youth organizations hold outdoor pursuits either by organizing special residential courses or by sending their members to take part in established courses or seminars in other cities and countries.

Local authorities and a number of multipurpose youth organizations provide the place for such activities as canoeing, sailing, rock-climbing, map reading, orienteering and cooking for survival; all of them encourage initiative and self-discipline.

Among providers of outdoor places are the Sports Council, the Outward-Bound Trust, the Ocean Youth Club, the Sail Training Association, and the Nautical Training Corps.

The Outward-Bound Trust is the longest established and most experienced organization in Britain based on outdoor pursuits, personal development, and training. It has five centres in the English Lake District, Wales, and Scotland. It operates in 38 other countries of the world. It has centres in Belgium, France, Germany, and the Netherlands. This organization is based on two simple principles: firstly, that everyone is capable of achieving more than he might imagine, and, secondly, that too few people have a real appreciation of what can be achieved by team-work and mutual support.

Young people participate in 'expedition courses' lasting 8, 12, or 20 days and involving adventurous journeys by land or sea. There are also 'specialist courses' for young people aged 17 and over to become involved in work with such groups as the homeless, the elderly, and the disabled.
Questions:

1. What organizations in Britain unite young people according to their interests?
2. What do outdoor pursuits involve?
3. What do local authorities and a number of multipurpose youth organizations provide?
4. What organizations are among providers of outdoor places?
5. What do you know about the Outward-Bound Trust?
6. How many centres does it have?
7. Where are these centres situated?

Надання граматичного матеріалу

The Sequence of Tenses (Узгодження часів)

Якщо присудок головного речення стоїть в Past Indefenite Tense, то присудок додаткового підрядного речення повинен стояти в одному з минулих часів (Past Indefenite Tens, Past Continuous Tense, Past Perfect Tense, Future – in – the Past)

він знає англійську добре

Я думаю, що він знав англійську добре

^{(тепер.час)} він буде знати англійську добре

he knows English well (Present Indef)

I think that he knew English well (Past Indef)

he will know English well (Future Indef)

Часи присудків у підрядних реченнях не змінюються.

він знає англійську добре

Я думав, що він знав англійську добре

^{(мин. час)} він буде знати англійську добре

he knew English well (Past Indef)

I thought that he had known English well (Past Perf)

he would know English well (Future – in - the - Past)

Часи присудків у підрядних реченнях змінюються.

Future – in – the – Past (майбутнє по відношенню до минулого) = should, would + інфінітив без to.

should – Past Indefenite від shall

would – Past Idefenite від will

Завдання 1 Перепишіть речення в минулому часі

1. My uncle says he has just come back from the Caucasus. 2. He says he has spent a fortnight in the Caucasus. 3. He says it did him a lot of good. 4. He says he feels better now. 5. He says his wife and he spent most of their time on the beach. 6. He says they did a lot of sightseeing. 7. He says he has a good camera. 8. He says he took many photographs while travelling in the Caucasus. 9. He says he will come to see us next Sunday. 10. He says he will bring and show us the photographs he took during his stay in the Caucasus.

Завдання 2 Перекладіть українською

1. We did not know where our friends went every evening.

2. We did not know where our friends had gone.

3. She said that her best friend was a doctor.

4. She said that her best friend had been a doctor.

5. I didn't know that you worked at the Hermitage.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-16