Functions in the sentence

Examples	Translation on Ukrainian	Functions
1. The examining teacher is in Room 15.	1. Екзаменуючий викладач знаходиться у 15 аудиторії.	1. Визначення
2. The lecture was exciting.	2. Лекція була захоплюючою.	2. Частина складеного присудка
3. The man examining a patient is our doctor.	3. Людина, що оглядає хворого, - наш лікар.	3. Частина визначного дієприкметникового зворота
4. Examining the patient the doctor listened to his heart.	4. Оглядаючи хворого, лікар прослухав йому серце.	4. Обставина часу та причини
5. The doctor was standing near the patient examining him attentively.	5. Лікар стояв біля хворого, уважно оглядаючи його.	5. Обставина образу дії

Exercise 11. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian. Define the type of the Participle.

1. The answer of the student is disappointing.

2. Carrying blood to and from the lungs the vessels of the pulmonary system dilate and contract simultaneously with the action of the heart.

3. Having investigated the patient's past history the physician drew the conclusion that the patient was sensitive to antibiotics.

4. Students were listening to the doctor watching his actions attentively.

5. Being asked some questions about the attack of the cardiac pain the patient stated that it was particularly acute on physical exertion.

6. The changing condition of the patient became worse yesterday.

7. Having been relieved of all the painful symptoms the male patient fell asleep.

8. Having passed the final exam well, this student was offered an internship.

Exercise 12. Translate the following into English paying attention to the form of Participle I:

лікар, який обстежує хворого; хворий, що обстежується в рентгенівському кабінеті; студент, що зустрічає своїх друзів; студент, зустрінутий своїми друзями; хрящ, що з'єднує плече і передпліччя; хрящ, з'єднаний з плечовим суглобом; м'язова структура, що формується фіброзними зв'язками; фіброзні зв'язки, що формують м'язову структуру.

Exercise 13. Join two parts of the sentences:

The boy lay sleeping Being very ill, Being busy, The specialists operating on the patients Examining the patient, Translating the article Nobody standing there Understanding that it will not help,

he decided to postpone the meeting. he realized that he had to give up. the doctor asked him many questions. she couldn’t understand some words. could do anything to save the man’s life. when the nurse came in. he didn’t attend lectures last week. are called surgeons.

Exercise 14. Put questions to the underlined words:

1. The soft palate is a continuation of the soft tissues covering the hart palate.

2.The small intestine composed of three main portions is a thin-walled muscular tube.

3.The weight of the largest of the salivary glands is 28gr.

4. The liver consists of small lobules connected together by connective tissue, different vessels and nerves.

5. The duodenum is called so because its length measures about the length of twelve fingers.

6. The liver consisting of lobes is covered with a fibrous coat.

7. Foreign body that enters the alimentary tract can cause problems like pain, vomiting or bleeding.

8. Gastroendescopy shows all the damages in the stomach.

Exercise 15. Open the brackets using the verb in the appropriate form:

1. The mechanical digestion of the food (to start) by the action of mastication and the wetting contact of saliva.

2. The esophagus (to line) with smooth muscle, which forces the food down the pipe to the stomach.

3. When food is swallowed, the stomach (to produce) hydrochloric acid.

4. The shape of the stomach (to change) when it delates and its borders greatly extend.

5. The liver (to play) a major role in metabolism and (to have) a number of functions in the body.

6. Discharged from the liver bile (to store) in the gallbladder.

7. 95% of absorption of nutrients (to occur) in the small intestine.

8. Waste material (to eliminate) from the rectum during defecation.

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  Перекладіть та вивчіть наступні словосполучення: 1. проходити через глотку в стравохід 2. простягатися від порожнини рота до ануса 3. найбільша залоза в тілі людини 4. відігравати важливу роль в обміні речовин 5. товста та пряма кишки 6. ряд функцій в організмі 7. тонкостінна м'язова трубка 8. під діафрагмою   Дайте відповіді на наступні питання: 1. What is the alimentary tract? 2. What does the alimentary tract consist of? 3. What is the stomach? 4. What is the function of the large intestine? 5. What is the function of the gallbladder?   Поясніть наступні терміни: Alimentary tract The liver The intestine

Physiology of the Alimentary Tract Фізіологія травної системи

Text: Physiology of the alimentary tract

Grammar: Gerund and its forms

PRE-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS:

Exercise 1. Learn the new words:

	digestive	[dɪ’dʒestɪv]	травний
	source	[sɔ:rs]	джерело
	fuel	[’fju:əl]	паливо
	starch	[sta:rtʃ]	складні вуглеводи, крохмаль
	enzymes	[’enzaɪm]	ферменти
	efficiently	[ɪ’fɪʃəntlɪ]	ефективно
	smooth muscles	[smu:ð]	гладкі м'язи
	tubular	[tju:bəl ]	трубчасті
	feces	[fɪ:sɪz]	кал
	to trigger	[’trɪgər]	викликати
	the brain stem	[sti:m]	стовбур мозку
	flap	[flæp]	клапоть
	epiglottis	[epɪ'glotɪs]	надгортанник
	to choke	[tʃəʋk]	душити, задихатися

Exercise 2. Form adjectives from the given nouns:

mouth - liver - kidney - saliva - pancreas - stomach - tongue -

breastbone - brain - lung - skull - rib - heart - tooth -

Exercise 3. Combine the adjectives with the proper nouns given below. Translate your word combinations:

Adjectives: inner, serous, salivary, hard, exact, vital, connective, pale;

Nouns: length, palate, coat, capacity, tissue, gland, layer, face.

Exercise 4. Fill the dialogue with necessary words from the “Anatomy of Alimentary tract” and act it!

- Hello. How do you do!

- How do you do!

- Are you free now?

- Yes, I’m. I’m trying to prepare my anatomy lesson on alimentary tract? But I don’t know it well. Can you help me?

- Sure. To begin with, the alimentary tract is a ….................. canal about 8.5 meters in length. It extends from …............. to ….................

- I know this. If I’m not mistaken it consists of the …...........,...............,.................,

…..............., …................. and ….....................

- Yes, you are right.

- Where does the food go from the mouth?

- It passes through the pharynx to the esophagus and then to the stomach.

- Certainly.

- I’ve already mentioned that there is the small intestine and the large intestine in the alimentary tract. The small intestine is composed of the ….............., …...............and ….......... Do you want me to tell you about the large intestine?

- No, thanks. As far as I know it is divided into …............, …........... and …..............

- Right. Do you know that the largest gland in the human body is …...............?

- Yes, I do. I know that the gallbladder and …..............are also the large glands of the alimentary tract.

- You are absolutely right.

- Thank you very much for helping me.

Esophagus, the oral cavity, the pancreas, stomach, rectum, musculomembraneous, the anus, pharynx, ileum, small intestine, large intestine, the liver, duodenum, caecum, jejunum, colon, mouth.

Exercise 5. Translate the following word combinations into your native language:

To start to salivate, the digestive process, the body's source of fuel, to be broken down into tiny pieces, to break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol, the mechanical digestion, the chemical digestion, to absorb more efficiently, to distribute throughout the body, a brain reflex triggers the flow of saliva, to break down starch into simpler sugars, to require stimulation of receptors, sensory impulses to the brain stem, to prevent food from entering the trachea and choking.

Exercise 6. Read and translate the text:

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