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by Randall S. Hansen, Ph.D.
Deciding to seek one or more graduate degrees is a major commitment of time and money; a decision not to make easily. You will face several years of intense work and research -- a much more demanding course load than in your undergraduate program. Before deciding on your next step, you should take the time to honestly answer these five questions.
1. ……………………………………………
Career Goal: You need to have a clear understanding of what you want to do with your career -- and how earning a graduate degree will help you reach that goal. If you have any doubt at all about your professional goals, consider putting off graduate school and, instead, spend some time working on some self-assessment and career planning. If you go to graduate school without a clear goal, you will probably end up wasting both time and money.
While certain careers definitely require an advanced degree -- doctors and lawyers, for example -- many other careers offer plenty of job opportunities for job-seekers with just an undergraduate degree. In fact, in some situations having an advanced degree can actually hurt you in a job search if you also have little or no job experience.
Compensation: Most studies show that people with advanced degrees earn more on average than people with bachelor's degrees. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 1998 the average worker with a bachelor's degree earned $40,478, while a worker with a master's degree earned $51,183, and a worker with a doctorate earned $77,445.
While a graduate degree is not required for many "entry-level" jobs, you may need to earn an advanced degree to keep your training and skills current -- and make you more marketable for career advancement.
Career Change: A graduate degree can often make sense for a job-seeker who is looking to make a career change. In this case, you would be earning the graduate degree in the field you plan to enter.
2. …………………………………
One of the questions most often debated is when is the best time to consider a graduate degree. Is it better to attend graduate school right after you complete your bachelor's degree, or is it better to wait a few years and gain some work/life experience first. As mentioned above, certainly do not consider going immediately to graduate school as a default move -- or to avoid getting a job.
The reasons for going straight to graduate school after earning your bachelor's degree: you are accustomed to being a student -- and have momentum; your study skills are sharp; you have few obligations; some occupations require an advanced degree even for "entry-level" positions.
The reasons for working for a few years before going to graduate school: you can better know your career goals by working in the field for a few years; some graduate programs require work experience; you bring a broader world view to your studies; you have a more mature outlook on school and work; many employers will pay some or all of your graduate school expenses; you can gain solid financial footing; you can improve your chances for acceptance to graduate programs -- especially if you were not the best student in your undergraduate program.
3. ……………………………………………..
There are two traditional categories of graduate degrees -- master's and doctoral -- although there are also numerous hybrid combined-degree and certificate programs at many universities.
Master's: Master's degree programs are growing and evolving, with degrees offered in just about all fields. Master's degrees can be professional or academic. Professional degrees, such as a Master of Business Administration (MBA), are designed for employment or advancement within a given field. Academic degrees, such as a Master of Science, are designed for intellectual growth and (sometimes) a prerequisite (предварительное условие) for doctoral work within a given field. Master's degrees may take one to three years to complete.
Doctorate: Doctoral degrees, the highest possible earned academic degree, can also be professional or academic. Professional doctoral degrees, such as the Doctor of Medicine (MD), stress the practical application of knowledge and skills. Academic doctoral degrees, the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), focus on advancing knowledge through original research in a given academic field. Doctorates may take three to six years to complete.
4. …………………………………
Just as important decision as whether to go to graduate school is the decision of where to go to graduate school. In fact, some experts say your choice of a graduate school is much more important than your choice of an undergraduate school.
A more fundamental question for many, though, is whether to simply continue graduate studies at the college where you earned your bachelor's degree. Unless you attended a top-tier undergraduate college, most experts suggest that you should seek a graduate program at a different college from where you earned your bachelor's degree. The idea is that by attending a different school, you are exposed to different faculty, different perspectives, and different resources -- all designed to broaden your knowledge and experiences within your field. It's much harder than simply continuing on at your alma mater, but change is almost always a good thing, especially in graduate education.
5. …………………………………
Just as with your undergraduate college, it is crucial to look at the costs of the various graduate programs that interest you and determine what mix of financial aid will make attending the programs feasible. It's best to study the literature each school sends you and then talk with a financial aid adviser at those schools that interest you. Besides some of the same types of financial aid offered at the undergraduate level, most graduate programs also offer fellowships (for teaching or research assistance). And if you're currently employed, don't forget to see if your employer has a tuition reimbursement program.
1. Read the article and entitle its parts. Use question forms.
2. Match the questions below with the parts of the article. Compare your subtitles with the given.
ü When should you consider obtaining a graduate degree?
ü What is the best graduate school/program for you?
ü Can you afford graduate school?
ü Why are you considering a graduate degree?
ü What is the best graduate degree for you?
3. Look through the text and complete wordwebs for the word below:
| degree | goal |
| career | programme |
| school | job |
4. Look back in the text and find the words that are similar in meaning to the following:
| to try to obtain (intro) | practical use (3) | ||
| obligation (intro) | new, innovative, first-hand (3) | ||
| to come across (intro) | best, of high rank (4) | ||
| an amount of work (intro) | going to (4) | ||
| to think about (1) | get experience (4) | ||
| to finish up (1) | to enlarge (4) | ||
| higher (1) | teachers (4) | ||
| job-hunter (1) | very important (5) | ||
| competitive (1) | expenses (5) | ||
| to get, receive (2) | realistic, possible (5) | ||
| adult (2) | help (5) | ||
| a lot of (3) | an award of money (5) | ||
| progress (3) | refund (5) | ||
| to finish doing sth (3) | boss (5) |
5. Find in the text all the word related to work.
6. These are all words for a position doing work for which you receive regular payment. Match the words to do with work with their definitions, e.g. 7-j
| 1) job | a) a type of job that needs special training or skill, especially one that needs a high level of education | |
| 2) post | b) a job that is available for sb to do | |
| 3) vacancy | c) the situation in which people have work | |
| 4) placement | d) (rather formal, especially bre) a job or position of responsibility | |
| 5) position | e) type of work that someone usually does (is used on official forms) | |
| 6) appointment | f) (formal) a job, especially an important one in a large organization | |
| 7) work | g) work for which you receive regular payment | |
| 8) profession | h) a job, often as part of a course of study, in which you get experience of a particular type of work | |
| 9) occupation | i) the series of jobs that a person has in a particular area of work | |
| 10) vocation | j) the duties that you have and the activities that you do as part of your job | |
| 11) career | k) the work (a nurse, a teacher) that you do because you have a strong feeling that you want to do it | |
| 12) employment | l) a job, especially an important one in a large organization |
7. Match the words in A with their partners in B.
| a) time | ||
| 1) to take | b) decision | |
| 2) to make | c) some work/life experience | |
| 3) to decide on | d) current | |
| 4) to waste | e) job opportunities | |
| 5) to keep smth | f) solid financial footing | |
| 6) to offer (x2) | g) experience | |
| 7) to make (x2) | h) money | |
| 8) to gain (x2) | i) a mature outlook | |
| 9) work | j) expenses | |
| 10) require | k) sense | |
| 11) to have | l) in the field | |
| 12) to continue | m) career change | |
| 13) to broaden | n) fellowships | |
| 14) to be exposed to | o) knowledge | |
| 15) pay | p) new perspectives | |
| q) studies |
8. Underline verbs in Present tenses (both Active and Passive)
9. Answer the questions:
1) What are the questions you need to answer before you decide whether you need to pursue a graduate degree or not?
2) Why is it a hard decision to make?
3) What difficulties will you face if you choose an advanced degree course?
4) What kinds of degrees are there?
5) Which of them are advanced?
6) Why have you decided to consider a graduate degree?
1) In the USA, how many students in graduate schools are women?
2) What did the Council say happened for the first time?
3) What happened in the 2008-2009 academic year?
4) What percent of doctorates were in education, engineering and biological and agricultural sciences?
In the United States, about six out of ten students in graduate schools are women. The same is true of today’s young adults who already have_______________. As a result, the Census Bureau expects that more women than men will hold professions such as ________________________.
Men had ________________ than women in going to graduate school in 2009. Still, women earned 60% of the master’s degrees. That was the level of about ________% of all the graduate degrees awarded.
But a new report says the 2008-2009 academic year _____________. Women also earned _______% of the doctorate degrees. The Council of Graduate Schools says this was the first year ever that women earned more doctorates than men.
The largest _______ of all doctorates that year - 42% – were in education, engineering, and biological and agricultural sciences. But the report says between 1999 and 2009, graduate __________ increased in all subjects. The fastest growth was in _______________________________________.
In 2009, graduate schools reported strong growth of ____% in first-time students from the United States. But enrollment of ______________________ decreased by about 2% -- the first drop since 2004. The share of foreign new students in graduate schools fell from ______% to ______%.
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