Chronological Outline

BC

3000—2000 The Iberians and Beaker Folk inhabited England.

700—100 The Celts invaded and settled in England.

AD

43 The Roman conquest of England began under the Emperor Claudius.

407—410 The Roman army was withdrawn from England.

450—500 The Anglo-Saxons and Jutes conquered England.

800—900 The struggle against the Danish invaders.

1065 The foundation of Westminster Abbey.

1066 The Norman Conquest. The Duke of Normandy, William defeated Harold near Hastings.

1086 The Domesday survey was made.

1215 Magna Charta was signed by king John.

1263 Merton College was founded at Oxford.

1265 The first English parliament was summoned by Simon de Montfort.

1282—4 Edward I conquered Wales.

1284 Peterhouse was founded as a college at Cambridge.

1314 The Scots under Bruce defeated the English at Bannockburn.

1337 — 1453 The Hundred Years War between England and France.

1381 The peasants' uprising of Wat Tyler.

1431 Joan of Arc was burned by the English as a witch.

1440 Eton college was founded.

1455—85 The Wars of the Roses.

1476 William Caxton set up the first English printing press at Westminster.

1485 Richard III was defeated in battle on Bosworth Field by Henry Tudor.

1497 Henry VII patronized Cabot's voyage to North America.

1516 Thomas More wrote Utopia.

1534 The Act of Supremacy was passed by Parliament which abolished papal authority in England.

1536—9 All monasteries were dissolved.

1555 The Muscovy Company was chartered following Chancellor's voyages to Russia.

1578—80 Francis Drake made his voyage around the world.

1588 The English navy defeated the Spanish Armada. The African Company was chartered.

1600 The East India Company was chartered.

1605 The Gunpowder Plot.

1640—60 The English bourgeois revolution.

1642—6 The first Civil war.

1648 The second Civil war.

1649 Charles I was executed and England was declared a Commonwealth. The conquest of Ireland was begun by Cromwell.

1653 Cromwell became Lord Protector.

1660 The restoration of monarchy took place.

1665 The Great Plague swept London.

1666 The fire destroyed much of the City of London. 1679 The Habeas Corpus Act was passed.

1689 The Bill of Rights was enacted by Parliament.

1694 The bank of England was founded. The British North America Act established the Dominion of Canada.

1701 The Act of Settlement was enacted by Parliament.

1707 The Union of Scotland and England was effected.

1768 The Royal Academy was founded. Captain Cook made his first voyage to Australia and New Zealand.

1775—83 The War of Independence.

1776 The American Declaration of Independence was issued.

1789 The French revolution began.

1801 The Union of Great Britain and Ireland was effected.

1805 Nelson defeated the French fleet off Cape Trafalgar.

1807 The Slave trade was abolished.

1811 — 12 The Luddite movement.

1815 The battle of Waterloo took place.

1819 The Peterloo Massacre took place.

1825 The Stockton and Darlington railway was opened.

1829 Peel established a civilian police force in London.

1832 The Reform Bill was passed by Parliament.

1834 The Poor Law Reform Act was passed.

1839 The Chartists' Petition was rejected by Parliament.

1845—6 Ireland suffered the Great Potato Famine.

1846 The Corn Laws were repealed.

1848 Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto was published in London. The last Chartist Petition was drawn.

1851 The Great Exhibition was held in Hyde Park.

1857 The Indian Mutiny broke out.

1861 — 5 The American Civil war.

1864 The First International was formed.

1867 The Reform Bill extended the franchise.

1868 The first Trades Union Congress was held.

1869 The Suez Canal was built.

1881 H. M. Hyndman founded the Social Democratic Federation.

1884 The Third Reform Bill extended the franchise to the population in rural districts.

1889 The London Dock strike led to the expansion of Trade Unionism. The Second International was founded.

1899—1902 The Boer War was fought in South Africa.

1900 The British Labour party was founded.

1904 An Entente Cordiale between France and England was effected.

1907 An Anglo-Russian Entente was effected.

1911 The Parliament Act restricted the veto power of the House of Lords.

1916 The Easter Rising took place in Dublin.

1918 The Franchise Act extended the electorate to men and to women over thirty.

1919 The Versailles Peace Treaty was signed and the League of Nations was founded.

1920 The Communist Party of Great Britain was founded.

1921 The Irish Free State was established.

1924 The first Labour government was formed. Britain recognized the USSR.

1926 The Genaral Strike was held.

1928 The franchise was extended to women at 21.

1929 The World economic crisis started.

1930 The Daily Worker began to be published. 1938 The Munich Agreement was signed.

1939—45 World War II.

1940 Britain experienced a devastating defeat at Dunkirk.

1942 Fascist Germany lost a decisive battle at Stalingrad.

1944 D-Day. Anglo-American forces landed in Normandy on June 6th. The opening of the second front.

1945 The Potsdam Agreement was signed. The United Nations Organization was founded. 1947 The Nationalization Acts were passed.

1947 Independence was granted to India.

1948 The National Health Service was established.

1949 NATO was formed.

1951 'Britain's Road to Socialism' was first published.

1956 Britain participated in the Suez aggression against Egypt.

1958 CND (Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament) held its first march to Aldermaston.

1966 The Daily Worker became renamed the Morning Star.

1969 The voting age was reduced to 18. The British army was brought into Northern Ireland.

1971—2 The strike of the dockers of the Upper Clyde Shipbuilders.

1972 The massacre of 'Bloody Sunday' took place in Londonderry.

1973 Britain joined the EEC (European Economic Community or Common Market). Britain dissolved the local parliament in Northern Ireland and imposed 'direct rule'.

1979 Margaret Thatcher became the first woman Prime Minister.

1982 The war for the Falkland Islands took place between Britain and Argentina.

1984—5 The year-old miners' strike was held.

1987 Margaret Thatcher formed her third Conservative government.

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