Outline. 1. Phraseology. Free word-groups vs

1. Phraseology. Free word-groups vs. set expressions

2. Different approaches to the classification of phraseological units

3. Ways of forming phraseological units

Exercises & Tasks

Exercise 1. Explain the meaning of the following phraseological units. Arrange them into groups according to their origin:

· expressions associated with some customs;

· expressions associated with some historical events;

· expressions borrowed from some literary sources;

· expressions borrowed from the Bible.

1. The land of promise. 2. Baker's dozen. 3. New wine in old bottles. 4. Ask for bread and be given a stone. 5. To beat the air. 6. To give the devil his due. 7. Vanity fair. 8. Daily bread.

9. Forbidden fruit is sweet. 10. It rains cats and dogs. 11. To rob Peter to pay Paul. 12. Thirty

pieces of silver. 13. To wash one's hands of something. 14. A prodigal son. 15. Something is rotten in the state of Denmark. 16. A thorn in the flesh of somebody. 17. To catch somebody red-handed. 18. Marriage is a lottery. 19. To fight the windmills. 20. Judas kiss.

Exercise 2. Comment on structural classification of phraseological units. Arrange the following phraseological units functioning like nouns into groups reflecting the most typical patterns of their formation:

· N + N

· N's + N

· N + + prep + N

· N + and + N

· Adj + N

cold reason; black ingratitude; lord and master; the last straw; old bird; a new broom; a mare's nest; the early bird; old song; snake in the grass; bag and baggage;

a slip of the pen; queer bird; a piece of somebody's mind, Judas kiss; wolf in sheep's clothing; maiden name; the apple of somebody's eye; blank verse; Hercules' labour; the sword of Damocles; Solomon's judgement.

Exercise 3. Arrange the following phraseological units functioning like verbs into groups in accordance with the most typical patterns of their formation:

· V + N

· V + prep + + N

· V + (one's) + N + (prep)

· V + and + V

· V + + or + V

· V + subordinate clause

· V + postpositive

to cross the Rubicon; to catch cold; to lose the game; to render a service; to come to one's sense; to come into fashion; to fall into disrepute; to make a mistake; to grasp the shadow; to have a finger in the pie; to be at a loss; to hit below the belt; to fall into a rage; to break ground; to lose one's heart; to play the fool with; to beat the air;

to play a trick; to sink or swim; to run into debt; to pick and choose; to take a walk; to see how the land lies; to make one's way; to make friends with, to make a fool of somebody; to play a wrong card; to take revenge; to know what is what; to see which way the wind blows; to go through fire and water; to turn one's coat; to open the ball.

Exercise 4. Arrange the following phraseological units functioning like adjectives into groups in accordance with the patterns after which they are formed:

· Adj + Adj

· (as) + + Adj + as + N

as old as the hills; high and mighty; mild as a kitten; as slippery as an eel; hungry as a wolf; silent as the grave;

as cool as a cucumber; safe and sound; as busy as a bee; as cold as ice; as hard as nails.

Exercise 5. Arrange the following phraseological units functioning like adverbs into groups in accordance with the patterns after which they are formed:

· N + N

· prep + N

· adv + prep + N

· prep + N + or + N

· conj + + subordinate clause

by heart; once upon a time; once in a blue moon; tooth and nail; by hook or by crook; within reach; under one's nose; before one can say Jack Robinson;

at a stroke, by slow degrees; at all costs; for love or money; of course; at one jump; within a stone's throw.

Exercise 6. Match the following English idioms with their Ukrainian equivalents.

• as fussy as hen with one chick • the dog that trots finds a bone • you should not look into the gift horse's mouth • dog does not eat dog • crows do not pick crow's eyes • geese with geese and women with women • what can you get of the cat but her skin? • the sow likes bran better than roses • better an egg today than a hen tomorrow • a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush • a sparrow in hand is worth a pheasant that fly by • to buy a pig in a poke • with foxes we must play the fox • flies go to a lean horse • a wolf in a sheep's clothing • dogs bark, but the caravan goes on • the moon does not heed the barking of the dogs • as like as an apple to an oyster • old cow thinks she was never a calf • as scarce as hen's teeth

• вовка ноги годують • вовк в овечій шкурі • ворон воронові ока не виклює   • дарованому коню в зуби не дивляться • забув віл, коли телям був • як кіт наплакав   • знайся кінь з конем, а віл з волом • з поганої вівці хоч вовни жмут • кому що, а курці просо   • краще синиця в жмені, ніж журавель у небі • купити кота в мішку • між вовками по-вовчому вий   • на похиле дерево i кози скачуть • пес бреше, дощ чеше, a вітер далі несе • носиться, як курка з яйцем   • схожий, як свиня на коня (тільки шерсть не така)

Exercise 7. Give the equivalents of the following English idioms:

Good riddance (to bad rubbish); once bitten twice shy; speak of the devil, and he will appear; quick choice, long repentance; easy come and easy go; too many cooks spoil the broth; as well be hanged for a sheep as for a lamb; look before you leap; teach one's grandmother to suck eggs; every cook praises his own broth.

Exercise 8. Give the equivalents of the following Ukrainian idioms:

Не варта шкурка вичинки; бачили oчі,що купували, їжте, хоч повилазьте; вовків боятися - в ліс не ходити;; одна голова добре, а дві ‒ ще краще; не вмер Данило, так болячка задавила; голодній кумі хліб на умі; брат братом, сват сватом, а гроші не piдня; прийшло махом, пішло прахом; поки сонце зійде, роса очі виїсть; i сам не гам, i другому не дам.

Exercise 9. Classify the following proverbs into:

a) simple sentences; b) compound sentences; c) complex sentences.

1. Love is blind. 2. Hope is a good breakfast, but a bad supper. 3. Never pup off till tomorrow

what you can do today. 4. Too many cooks spoil the broth. 5. When guns speak it's

too late to argue. 6. All cats are grey in dark. 7. When the cat is away, the mice will play. 8. It

never rains, but it pours. 9. It is an ill bird that fouls his own nest. 10. Live and learn. 11. Look

before you leap. 12. Man does not live by bread alone. 13. No news is good news. 14. So

many countries, so many customs. 15. They that have got good store of butter may lay it thick

on their bread. 16. Time is a great healer. 17. United we stand, divided we fall. 18. What can't

be cured must be endured. 19. What will be, will be. 20. While there is life, there is hope.

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