Living in Canada today

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Canada is a good example of the way peoples of different ways of life and different languages can live side-by-side under one government. The Canadian government is more British in style than American, except that it is a federal government.

Parliament is divided into two parts, the Senate and the House of Commons. Voters in each province (Canada is divided into 10 provinces and 2 territories) choose candidates from different political parties. The party that wins the most seats in the House of Commons chooses the Prime Minister, who heads Canada’s government. Senators are not elected, they are appointed by the Prime Minister.

Canada now belongs to the Commonwealth of Nations (nations which once belonged to the British Empire). Queen Elizabeth II is still the Queen of Canada. But ties with Great Britain are not so strong as they were.

Canada is unique in the Americas because it gained its Independence without fight. They celebrate it on July the 1^st with fireworks and picnics. But most of Canadians do not mind that there are still some ties to the British Queen. Many like to continue old customs and still give honor to the Queen of England.

More than half of all people in Canada live in Southern Quebec and Ontario. Quebec is Canada’s oldest province and it’s largest. This province was settled by the French, and the people still follow French customs. The heart of French Quebec is its capital, Quebec city. In many ways the lower part of the city, with its narrow streets, old churches, and little houses built close together in long rows, resembles the cities of France.

Quebec is the largest province in size. Ontario is the largest in population. Some call it nation’s heartland, as it is Canada’s demographic and economic center and is a major force in national politics. It is Canada’s most industrialized province, producing half of the nation’s manufactured goods.

Ottawa, the capital of Canada, is the political and administrative center of the nation. Most national cultural institutions, including museums, archives, the National Gallery, and the National Art Center are in the city

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №2

Образец выполнения 1 (к упражнению 1)

He was not asked at the lesson. He was writing a composition the whole evening yesterday.

Его не спрашивали на уроке. was asked – Past Simple Passive Он писал сочинение вчера весь вечер. was writing – Past Progressive Active

Образец выполнения 2 (к упражнению 2)

The trees growing there are not old. He is often taken to the theatre.

Деревья, растущие там, не старые. growing- Participle I, определение Его часто берут в театр. taken- Participle II, составная часть видо-временной формы Present Simple Passive от глагола to take.

Образец выполнения 3 (к упражнению 3)

He will have to apologize. John was to meet his friend. Students are allowed to use dictionaries.

Ему придется извиниться. Джон должен был встретить своего друга. Студентам разрешают пользоваться словарями.

ВАРИАНТ 1

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (В) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.

А) 1. If Martin does not win, it will be the end of his sport career.

2. He liked music, but the piece she was playing had no melody for him.

3. It is the development of robots that will solve some very difficult problems of industry.

4. While Jack was sitting biting his nails, we were working out a plan to cover up our traces.

B) 1. Thousands of messages from all parts of the body are sent to and from the brain.

2. Some students will be permitted to take exams in December.

3. He was not expected to say that.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I, Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Students interested in computer engineering enter technological institutes.

2. She didn’t pay any attention to the ringing telephone.

3. Deeply shocked I left him.

4. An article discussing the new system of school education appeared in all newspapers.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. As telegraph wires couldn’t be hung over the ocean, cables had to be laid on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean.

2. Judges must be free of any political bias.

3. The development of new materials doesn’t mean that old materials should lose their significance.

4. They were allowed to continue their research.

5. Cactus plants needn’t much water. That’s why they can grow in the dry desert.

6. He will be free tomorrow and he will be able to help you.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.

INTRODUCING LONDON

London is an ancient city. It grew up around the first point where the Roman invaders found the Thames narrow enough to build a bridge. They found a small Celtic settlement there and by A.D. 300 they had turned it into a sizable port and an important trading center with a wall which enclosed the homes of about 50 000 people.

Some 9 million people now live in London and its suburbs, and the city covers an area of 620 square miles, making it one of the largest of the world’s capitals. One reason for its size is that the English people like to live in small houses and have small gardens. As a result, less than 5 000 people live in the City of London, while more than half a million come here to work in the daytime. Today London is the capital of Great Britain and is also the seat of the Royal Family, the Parliament, the major administrative bodies and scientific institutions.

The Houses of Parliament stand on the bank of the river Thames at Westminster Abbey. Actually it is one building but it is called “Houses” as it consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. It was set up in the 13^th century. At one end of the Houses of Parliament there is a tower with a large clock. The largest bell, known as Big Ben, chimes in the hour.

Westminster Abbey was a monastery built in the 8^th century. It is one of the best examples of the Early English architecture. The kings and queens of England are buried there. Many great statesmen, writers and poets are also buried there.

In the center of London there is one of the most beautiful squares- Trafalgar Square which was named so to commemorate Nelson’s victory in the battle of Trafalgar. There is a monument in the center known as Nelson’s Column.

In the vicinity of Trafalgar Square is Whitehall which is now a street of government offices. Not far from Whitehall is Downing Street. Number 10 Downing Street is the residence of the Prime Minister of England. The Cabinet meets there. One must mention the British Museum. It is one of the most extensive and valuable museums in West Europe. It was founded in 1753. It also comprises the National Library. There are other numerous museums and galleries displaying interesting finds from all parts of the world and from all stages in the development of nature, man and art. There are also two large opera houses, the National Theatre and 50 other theatres. Monuments of past greatness are everywhere in London..

ВАРИАНТ 2

A) 1. The brain controls your body and keeps all parts of your body working together.

2. When I awoke this morning it was so late that the sun was shining high in the sky.

3. And now the trade of this town is developing with extreme rapidity and the ambition of the inhabitants is growing along with it.

4. She will have dinner here if she comes tomorrow.

B) 1. When centers receive messages, the brain interprets them.

2. Considerable damage was caused by the fire.

3. A new highway is being built between Germany and the Netherlands.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I, Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. My room is in a mess: I really must get it tidied up.

2. Scientists are experimenting with a system allowing drivers to see better after dark.

3. When answering your question yesterday I forgot this fact.

4. The attention paid to the study of fundamental subjects is great.

1. We must protect the clean water that remains for the sake of our children and grandchildren.

2. Fire may be started by rubbing together two sticks of wood.

3. If you are traveling by air, you mustn’t carry anything in your luggage that could be used as a weapon, such as a knife or a pair of scissors.

4. Jack has already cleaned his bicycle so he won’t have to do it tomorrow.

5. Before Newton no one could explain why the planets moved around the Sun.

6. An optional disk can store about 1 000 times more information than a plastic disk of the same size.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.

NEW YORK

New York has always been the gateway to the USA. But it is more than just a door; it is also a window through which the life of the whole nation may be observed. New York is a city of striking social contrasts.

New York includes five boroughs: Manhattan, the Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn and Richmond.

Manhattan is the smallest in size and it is not the largest in population although the majority spends a considerable part of the day in this center of business life. Here are Broadway, Wall Street and the Stock Exchange. This is the heart and source of American policy.

Harlem is also in Manhattan. Thick walls separate this “Black Bottom” with 450 000 coloured people from the white population.

In the bay stands the bronze Statue of Liberty given to the United States by France as a present in 1886. A new American Museum is opened at the base of the Statue.

The Bronx is a more residential rather than industrial part of the city. The well known Zoo and Botanic Gardens are in the Bronx.

Queens is both a residential and industrial area. New York’s two biggest airports are both there.

The Brooklyn Navy Yard is the largest naval shipbuilding center in the world. Brooklyn has more people than any other part of the city- about 3.000.000. It is mostly a district of middle-class people. Richmond is the borough of piers and warehouses. Its population is only 200.000.

What makes New York? First of all, it is a great seaport, the greatest in the USA. It is also a great financial center, where “money-making” is the main law of life. New York is the leading textile center of the country and its clothes industry. It has a considerable printing industry and many bookshops. There are a lot of Art Galleries, among them rich Henry Frick collections, and many impressive art museums. For a long time New York specialized in giving visitors a good time at its restaurants, nightclubs, sporting arenas, and therefore has a large hotel industry. It is the main publishing, advertising and radio center with Columbia and New York universities and various city colleges.

Among the inhabitants of New York one can meet people of almost all nations. The population of New York numbers about 16 million. The citizens speak seventy-five different languages.

ВАРИАНТ 3

А)1. In our climate the vine doesn’t grow out-of-doors, as it does in countries with a hotter summer, and hothouse grapes is very expensive.

2. I noticed a number of improvements done in this town since I last was there.

3. The students were having an interesting discussion when the teacher came in.

4. If I see the manager tomorrow, I shall remind him of that important point.

B)1. Many new and very interesting projects were planned for orbital stations.

2. The new exhibition of this artist is being visited actively.

3. This program will be broadcasted again tomorrow night.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или составной частью глагола - сказуемого; предложения переведите на русский язык.

1. The man delivering this lecture is our professor on mathematics.

2. A line seen through this crystal looks double.

3. He saw some people in the post-office sending telegrams.

4. Driving a car a man tries to keep steady speed and watch the car in front of him.

1. If you borrow money from the bank you must pay interest.

2. It is quite clear to everybody in his family that he should start getting ready for his examinations.

3. He will have to work systematically if he wants to know French well.

4. Not long ago chemists developed new materials that could withstand high temperatures.

5. Children were allowed to go to the cinema alone.

6. You must have a dictionary when you translate such difficult articles.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.

BIRMINGHAM

In the heart of England, about 112 miles northwest of London, is Birmingham, a city with over a million inhabitants. The district around Birmingham is known as the Black Country. It is a land of factories and mines. Motorcars, railway carriages, rails, guns, bicycles are among the articles manufactured in the factories of the Black Country.

Long famous as an international business center, Birmingham has developed into a modern and exciting city. Birmingham is at the heart of Britain’s motorway system. The superbly designed inner ring road is easily identified by its red surface and gives easy access to the city center. Massive post-war development schemes have meant exciting new buildings. But the best of the old have been preserved. Birmingham’s ultra-modern library is one of the largest and best stocked in Europe and includes Shakespeare Memorial library with 40,000 books in 90 languages. The city possesses several interesting churches and two cathedrals.

Shopping facilities in Birmingham are a magnet for thousands. The multilevel Bull Ring Shopping Center is completely traffic free and linked by subways with the major shopping streets of the city. It includes most kinds of retail shops, open-air and covered markets, banks, restaurants and offices.

Birmingham has more canals than Venice. Some canals basins have been developed as recreational centers, with walks, pubs, restored buildings and boat trips.

The city has excellent facilities for all kinds of sport. It boasts twenty swimming pools and eight municipal golf courses as well as many private clubs.

Buying and selling has been an important part of life in Birmingham for more than eight hundred years. Each Tuesday, Friday and Saturday, the colourful rag market can be found. People used to buy and sell old clothes (rags) but now there is a wide selection of modern fashions for everybody.

ВАРИАНТ 4

I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол - сказуемое и определите его видо - временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (B) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.

А)1. We thought that you were going to show your project to the teacher.

2. We shall discuss the results when we finish our experiments.

3. She had left before the letter arrived.

4. The children were playing in the garden while we were watching TV.

B) 1. The conference we are planning to hold next month will be attended by many foreign scientists.

2. What questions were you asked?

3. The letter is not ready yet. It is still being translated into English.

1. Introducing new words the teacher explains their meanings.

2. The two rivers were connected with each other by means of a canal.

3. Organic chemistry is the science dealing with carbon compounds.

4. The students examined last week got good marks.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите на русский язык.

1. They had to stay at home because it was raining.

2. If we are allowed we shall take some exams in advance.

3. The experiments are to clarify this point of view.

4. He must ring you up.

5. I won’t be able to help you.

6. You can get all the necessary books in the library.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.

ST. PETERSBURG

St. Petersburg is the second largest city in Russia and one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It was founded in 1703 by Peter the Great as the “ Window on the West”. Thousands of workmen were brought from all parts of Russia to build a new city on the swampy land at the mouth of the Neva River. Peter the Great was in a hurry. The work was fast and hard, and workmen dropped dead by the hundreds. But the work went on.

In 1712 St. Petersburg, a city of great beauty, with palaces, cathedrals, churches, government buildings became the capital. Under later rulers the new capital of the Russian Empire grew rapidly in wealth and beauty. Architects were brought from western Europe to lay out the city in harmonious squares. Buildings were constructed of grey and rose-coloured granite. The Hermitage Palace and the Winter Palace, the homes of the tsars were equal to any in Europe.

When the First World War began in 1914, the German-sounding name, St. Petersburg, was changed to Petrograd. After the October revolution the city was renamed after Lenin.

During the Great Patriotic War the city suffered a great deal. The German armies laid siege to it in 1941, and for the next year and a half it was cut off from the rest of the country. No food could be brought in, and people died of starvation. Daily shelling and air raids destroyed parts of the city. Thousands of people were killed. Rebuilding took years.

Now St. Petersburg is an important industrial, cultural and educational center. The population of the city is over five million.

St. Petersburg is indeed a wonderful city: at every turn there is something to catch your eye. The Winter Palace, the Hermitage, the Russian museum, St. Isaac’s Cathedral, the Peter -and- Paul Fortress, the Admiralty building attract thousands of tourists from every corner of the world.

Petersburg’s many museums house some of the world’s most famous art collections. The Hermitage, for example, contains the richest collection of pictures in the world.

ВАРИАНТ 5

А) 1. What magazine were you looking through when I came in?

2. She said she had graduated from the University a few years ago.

3. He gave the right answer to the question and received an excellent mark.

4. The curricular of correspondence, evening and full - time higher schools do not differ essentially in the subjects taught, but they differ in the system in which the studies are organized.

B) 1. The goods have been examined by the customs officers.

2. The steamer will be unloaded when the agent arrives at the port.

3. They are paid twice a month.

1. At our University there are several subjects studied optionally.

2. Students taking exams next week should come to the dean’s office.

3. Listening to the lecture students usually make notes.

4. While crossing the bridge, we saw him talking with an old man.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Can you translate this agreement into French?

2. They will be able to create the necessary conditions for the development of their enterprise.

3. He asked me whether he might take my dictionary.

4. She will be allowed to tell you about it herself.

5. He had to ring you up.

6. The old methods of teaching English are to be renewed.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.

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