Action required. Domain names can be registered directly at accredited registrars, that is, Internet name licensing authorities

Domain names can be registered directly at accredited registrars, that is, Internet name licensing authorities, or by buying them from Internet naming companies. Names are registered for one or more years, often with annual renewal.

Disputes maybe referred to accredited dispute resolution providers, such as the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), or country registrars.

Remedies for IP infringement

IP rights can be enforced through civil remedies, and may itwohre criminal sanctions, As a final remedy, the rightholder can obtain financial compensation for losses caused by infringement by choosing between damages or an account of profits which the defendant made irom the infringement. Other final remedies may include delivery up and destruction of infringing documents, a court order to reveal relevant information, or an injunction. An interim

remedy, that is, a provisional one, may include an interim injunction to stop an infringing activity, a search order to look for evidence of infringement, and a freezing injunction to freeze the assets of an alleged infringer before trial.

If there is misrepresentation as to the trade origin of goods leading to damage to the trading goodwill of another person, it may give rise to an action in tort - a civil wrong known as 'passing off.

43.1 Complete the definitions. Look at A and В opposite to help you.

1......................... - anything graphic that conveys information, for example numerals, words.

letters, packaging, shape of the goods, etc.
2............................ - using clear images, lines, characters, musical notation, internationally

recognised colours, etc.
3......................................................... - any sign, represented graphically, which is capable ol

distinguishing rhe goods or services of one business from others
4...................................................................................... - part of an Internet address indicating the type

of organisation or country location

5............................ - person or organisation rhar interferes with or violates another's rights

6............................ - action whereby a person or business registers a domain name and uses ir in

bad faith or intends to sell it to those who have a legitimate interest in the name

7....................................................... - a property righr associated with the attracting of business

custom

8...................................................... - a civil action where there has been misrepresentation of goods

or services leading to damage to the goodwill of a business

9......................................................... - court order ro stop the movement or sale of assers

10......................................................... - temporary court order until the trial

11.................................................................................... — organisations which offer a service to

investigate complaints and reach decisions
12...................................................................................... -a discretionary remedy available when there

has been infringement of intellectual property, involving the award to the rightholder of

profits made from the infringement by the defendant

43.2 Replace the underlined words and phrases in this extract from an advertisement for a short

course for lawyers on trade marks with alternative words and phrases from A and В opposite.

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