Scanning. I. Answer the following questions.

I. Answer the following questions.

1. Did the Founding Fathers want a two party system of government? What did they actually think?

2. When did the first semblance of national political parties appear?

3. What were the first American parties? Who were their leaders?

4. What were the major ideological differences between the Federalists and the Democratic Republicans?

5. What period in American history is called the “Era of Good Feelings”?

6. What two parties did the Democratic Republican Party split into?

7. Why were the Democrats and the Whigs parties of a very different sort from those in the first party system?

8. What were the main differences between the Democrats and the Whigs?

9. What political situation was there in the late 19-th century?

10. What was the New Deal party system?

11. What is the modern political party system in the United States?

II. Trace the history of the major political parties by constructing either a timeline or a flow chart. Include famous leaders and events that shaped both parties.

Word Study

I. Find in the text the English equivalents for the words below. Use them in the sentences of your own.

- подобие партий

- чрезвычайно сильное федеральное правительство

- расширить права голоса

- суть, основа

- распад партии

- последствия

- слабо организованные группы

- массовые сбои

- поддерживать, присоединяться

- находиться под угрозой

- преобразование

II. Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases.

- a protective tariff

- the doctrine of nullification

- a power vacuum

- a federal program of internal improvements

- to control presidency

- keep smth on firm footing

- to turn to the strike weapon

- Elections returns

III. Use the words in the sentences of your own.

IV. Match the words in the left-hand column with their synonyms:

1.unambiguous	a. approve
2.evolve	b. static
3.endorse	c. depot
4. faction	d. tangible
5.stagnant	e. develop
6. a repository	f. party

Speaking

Make up a summary of the text in 180-200 words.

Part 2. The US Political Parties Today

Warm-up

Discuss the following questions in groups. Share your ideas with your groupmates.

1. Why are there two dominant parties in the U.S.?

2. Do other countries have a two-party system?

3. What other modern political parties are there in the U.S.?

Pronunciation

Watch the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations.

- barometer

- trigger a cycle

- formidable financial barrier

- garner

- decline

- interference

- strengthen

- persistence

- entirely

- irreconcilable

Reading

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