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Тема: « Education in Great Britain»

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Студентка группы ТОА-125

Ипполитова Юлия

Проверила: ст.преподаватель

Маркова О.В.

КРАТАКАЯ РЕЦЕНЗИЯ

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ОЦЕНКА РАБОТЫ _____________БАЛЛОВ

ВОЛГОГРАД, 2013г.

Education in Great Britain

English children must go to school when they are five. First they go to infant schools where they learn the first steps in reading, writing and using numbers. Children are divided into two groups according to their mental abilities.

When children leave infant school, at the age of seven, they go to junior schools until they are about eleven years old. When pupils come to the junior school for the first time, they are divided into three «streams» - A, B and C – on the basis of their infant-school marks or sometimes after a special test. The brightest children go to the A-stream and the weakest – to the C-stream. The school year normally begins in early September and continues into the following July. The year is divided into three terms of about 13 weeks each.

When the children leave the junior school, they start their secondary education.
Since the 1944 Education Act of Parliament, free secondary education has been available to all children in Britain. Indeed, children must go to school until the age of 16, and pupils may stay on for one or two years more if they wish.
Towards the end of their fourth year in the junior school, a certain percentage of English schoolchildren still have to write their “11+” Examinations. Those who passed such examinations went to a secondary school. Usually these examinations should reveal not knowledge of the children, but their mental ability. Approximately 20 per cent were chosen to go to the academic grammar schools. Those who failed the "1l+" (80 per cent) went to secondary modern schools.
In 1965 the Labour Government introduced the policy of comprehensive education. A lot of people thought that the system of selection at the age of 11 was unfair. So comprehensive schools were introduced. However there are a few LEAs who still keep the old system of grammar schools, but most LEAs have now changed over completely to non-selective education in comprehensive schools.
Today many children go to a comprehensive school at the age of 11. It is the most popular type of school, for it provides education for children from all strata. So such schools take over 90 % of schoolchildren in Great Britain.
The pupils can study any subject which is taught in these schools. The comprehensive schools are of different types; all of them preserve some form of streaming, but pupils may be moved from one stream to another. Pupils at comprehensive schools are quite often put into "sets" for the more academic subjects. Sets are formed according to ability in each subject. All pupils move to the next class automatically at the end of the year.
About 5 % of elementary school-leavers in Britain go to secondary modern schools. They do not provide complete secondary education. Study programs are rather limited there. Some modern schools do not teach foreign languages. In modern schools pupils are also streamed according to their intelligence.
The secondary technical school, in spite of its name, is not a specialized school. It teaches many general subjects. Boys and girls in technical schools study such practical subjects as woodwork, metalwork. Not more than 2 % of schoolchildren in Britain go to technical schools.
The grammar school is a secondary school taking about 3 % of children. It offers a full theoretical secondary education including foreign languages. Students can choose which subjects and languages they wish to study. The majority (80 or 85 %) of grammar school students, mainly children of poorer families, leave the school after taking a five-year course. Then they may take the General Certificate of Secondary Education at the ordinary level. The others continue their studies for another two or three years to obtain the General Certificate of Secondary Education at the advanced level, which allows them to enter university.
There are many schools in Britain which are not controlled financially by the state. They are private schools, separate for boys and girls. The biggest and most important of them are public schools charging high fees and training young people for political, diplomatic, military and religious service.
Other non-state schools which charge fees are independent and preparatory schools. Many of the independent schools belong to the churches. Schools of this type prepare their pupils for public schools.
The doors of Oxford and Cambridge are open to the public school-leavers.

Applicants for places in nearly all the universities are sent initially to the Universities and Colleges Admission Service UCAS. In the application an applicant can list up to five universities or colleges in order to preference. Applications must be sent to the UCAS in the autumn term of the academic year preceding that in which the applicant hopes to be admitted. The UCAS sends a copy to aech of the universities or colleges named.

Oxford and Cambridge are considered to be the best English universities, sometimes they are called Oxbridge. And the other universities are called Red-brick ones. London University is among them, although it is the biggest one in Great Britain.

Oxford

This university town is very beautiful. The oldest university there is Oxford. The first of its colleges was founded in 1249. The university now has thirty-five colleges and about thirteen thousand students, many of them from other countries.

There were no women at Oxford until 1878. When the first women's college Lady Margaret Hall, opened. Now most colleges are open to men and women. It is not easy to get a place at Oxford University to study for a degree.

But outside the university there are many smaller private colleges which offer less difficult courses and where it is easy to enrol. Most students in these private school take business, secretarial or English language courses.

Oxford is, of course, famous for its first-class education as well as its beautiful buildings. Some of the most intelligent men and women in the country live and work here. Oxford gives them what they need: a quiet atmosphere, friendly colleagues and the four-hundred-year-old library, which has about five million books.

Oxford has same of the finest architecture in Britain. Some of their colleges, chapels and libraries are there, four and even five hundred years old, and are full off books and precious paintings. You can see there many lovely gardens, where the students can read and relax in the summer months.

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