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I. Образование прошедшего длительного времени (Past Continuous Tense)
В отрицательной форме отрицательная частица not ставится после
вспомогательного глагола “to be”.
Утвердительная форма Вопросительная форма Отрицательная форма
I was working Was I working? I was not working
He was working Was he working? He was not working
She was working Was she working? She was not working
We were working Were we working? We were not working
You were working Were you working? You were not working
They were working Were they working? They were not working
3. Отрицательные сокращенные формы:
She wasn’t reading
We weren’t reading
I was reading
She was reading
We were reading
5. Вопросительно-отрицательные формы:
Was I not reading?
Was she not reading?
Was she not reading?
Were you not reading?
II. The Past Continuous Tense употребляется для:
выражения развертывающегося действия, происходящего в данный момент в прошедшем.
At 10 it was still raining.
When I called him up, he was still having breakfast.
The fire began at midnight when everybody was sleeping.
Этот момент определен при помощи указания точного времени или упоминанием другого действия.
Иногда данный момент в прошедшем может быть не указан. Это значит, что он начинается перед определенным моментом в прошлом, продолжается в настоящем и будет длиться после этого некоторый период времени. Характерная черта данного случая употребления Past Continuous состоит в том, что точные временные границы не упомянуты, начало и конец этого действия не определены.
Though there was no apparent sense in his words, they all knew that he was referring to June.
She looked unbelievingly at him. Surely he was joking.
2. Выражения действия происходящего в данный период времени в прошедшем.
В этом случае точные временные границы также не упомянуты. Прошедший период времени может быть определен из контекста или другими способами.
Wakefield was in New York when news of the illness of Nicholas reached him.
He was acting in a play that had had a success in London.
Andrew had no idea whether he was doing well or badly in his exams.
He remembered that Helen had met her first husband when she was working in a New York publishing house.
Как правило, употребление Past Continuous не указывает на то, что действие длится непрерывно в течение всего периода времени.
NB! Past Indefinite употребляется вместо Past Continuous, когда внимание сосредоточено на способе произведения действия, когда присутствует обстоятельство образа действия или сравнения, иногда употребляется Past Continuous.
She was speaking with difficulty, as though she had to think hard about each word.
Yet he was speaking with absolute nakedness.
3. Благодаря динамическому характеру Past Continuous может быть использовано для выражения действий характеризующих лицо, выраженное подлежащим, т.е. указания на типичные черты характера присущие лицу. При этом такая характеристика носит эмоционально-окрашенный характер. В этом случае в предложении могут присутствовать такие определения как always,
constantly,
perpetually,
for ever.
"Archer's tray, "Adeline said, indicating it with a bandaged thumb. She was always suffering from a cut or a burn. He was always experimenting. He wasn't really a doctor, he was a bacteriologist.
She was noisy and constantly trying to attract attention by any means.
The Past Continuous употребляется также для выражения будущего действия, рассматриваемого с точки зрения прошедшего момента. Речь идет о действии, которое, как предполагается, произойдет в ближайшем будущем, согласно договоренности. Нет необходимости указывать на время происхождения действия, поскольку последнее становится очевидным из самой ситуации.
Why didn 't you tell me you were starting?
He did not know how he could send word that he was not coming. But I knew that Uncle Nicholas was leaving me money. You said you were, going, Frank, 1 think. At the end of the week she wired that she was returning.
Note. Notice the following sentence which is a stereotype. It is emotionally coloured, expressing irritation: / thought you were never coming.
5. The Past Continuous может быть использовано для указания на нереальность действия (относящуюся к настоящему, будущему или являющуюся одновременным по отношению к другому действию). Это употребление является структурно зависимым, поскольку присутствует только в придаточных предложениях определенного типа. В условных придаточных предложениях, дополнительных придаточных предложениях после глагола to wish и дополнительных придаточных предложениях после выражения it is time.
If I were describing the chap in one of my unsaleable stories I should write of him as being five-foot-nine.
Even if he were not being offensive, he would have tempted me to say something hard.
" I wish you were coming with us, Mrs Whiteoak," said Swift.
They were eating their ice-cream with concentration, as though they were making an experiment in the college laboratory.
***
Как и Present Continuous, Past Continuous может быть употреблено с глаголами, которые, не имеют форм длительных времен. Это происходит либо из за того, что глагол поменял свое значение, либо из за принципа эмоциональной окраски.
He gazed at the picture. It surprised him. He had always liked it, but it seemed that now he was seeing it for the first time.
I was seeing George regularly now. He took me as an equal. I had a horrid feeling that she was seeing right through me and knowing all about me.
The butler had replied that Lord Percy was confined to bed and was seeing nobody.
The next morning, as 1 was going out of the college, I met the Master in the court. "1 was wanting to catch you, Eliot," he said. They followed the path across a stubble field where small birds were finding their evening meal.
He felt he was being the little ray of sunshine about the home and making a good impression. Nothing that I could say would convince him that I was not being intentionally humourous.
С некоторыми глаголами Past Continuous или the Past Indefinite могут быть употреблены без изменения значения, поскольку данные глаголы в своем значении предполагают длительность. Это относится к таким глаголам как to feel, to wear and to look.
His thoughts were interrupted by Ted Newton, the dentist, who stopped at the table for a quick straight drink. Ted was wearing a raccoon coat.
A few minutes later he came from the direction of the stables. He wore riding
breeches.
В Сложном предложении с придаточным предложением времени, введенным союзом as могут присутствовать 3 вида временных отношений между действиями главного и придаточного предложений..
a) Действия одновременные. В этом случае Past' Indefinite употребляется в обоих
частях.
I watched him as he drank his tea.
Renny and Piers talked little as they drove home.
Christian listened with a kind of hypnotized boredom as
Norman continued to hold forth. She was sitting half-in, half-out of the shadow,and she seldom looked at my father as she spoke.
Иногда в главном предложении употребляется Past Continuous, в то время как Past Indefinite употребляется в придаточным предложении времени. Это происходит, когда главного предложения является терминативным и Past Indefinite обозначает завершенное действие.
As we walked along the country footpath, 1 was myself sorting out my official thoughts collecting what I could safely say to Drawbell.
And as 1 poured her out a glass of sherry, she was saying: "I always imagined you darker than Martin."
b) Действия главного и придаточного предложений могут считаться частично одновременными, когда действие придаточного предложения рассматривается, как фоновое для действия главного предложения, которое является более кратким завершенным действием. В этом случае в главном предложении употребляется Past Indefinite, а в придаточном -Past Continuous.
As he and Renny were passing the closed door of a bedroom Renny said, "In there is my Uncle Nicholas. You'll meet him later. "
But as I was playing with the baby she remarked, all of a sudden: "Lewis, you'd rather be alone, wouldn 't you? " One evening just as I was leaving the office, Martin rang me up.
Иногда Past Indefinite употребляется в обеих частях.
As we talked I realized that to Irene it seemed as strange, as exciting, as different a slice of existence, as Martin had found hers.
c) Действия обеих частей являются последовательными. В этом употребляется только Past Indefinite.
As she turned the corner and advanced toward the court a man standing near the gates moved in her direction.
As the sun disappeared, afresh breeze stirred the new curtains at the window.
I saw his eyes flash. As they met mine, I knew in my heart that his resolve was formed.
As I turned back into the room a gust of wind crashed the door shut behind me.
В синтаксических моделях другого типа, в которых придаточное предложение вводится в сложное предложение при помощи союза while.
Roma said nothing but looked from one face to the other while they discussed plans.
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