Темы по грамматике

1. Многозначные глаголы to have, to do.

2. Многозначные глаголы to be, shall, will, should, would.

3. Многозначные местоимения it, one, that.

4. Многозначные местоимения it, one, that.

5. Омонимичные предлоги, союзы и наречия: after, as, because, before, but, for, since.

6. Многозначность предлогов времени (at, on, in, by, since, for), места и направления (on, in, over, under, at, to from, off).

7. Составные предлоги.

№1. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глагола to have.

1. We had a long chat by the fire before we went to bed. 2. I have been waiting here for half an hour. 3. I shall have to go down. He says they are waiting for me. 4. June has 30 days. 5. Please, have your brother bring my books. 6. The clock will have to be fixed. 7. He had his watch mended. 8. It seems to me at this hour, that I have never seen such sunlight as on those bright April afternoons that I have never seen such sky, such water. 9. I have a bad toothache; I have to go to the dentist. 10. It is rather late, and as you have to finish this work, you had better lose no time. 11. He had to go up to London at the end of June. 12. He had a very pleasant day yesterday. 13. Suddenly he had a bright idea. 14. First of all, have you any breakfast? 15. My friend used to get up early in the morning to practice but he had to give that plan up because of his sister.

№2. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глагола to do.

1. Every morning you must do your room. 2. We have finished our experiment earlier than they did. 3. Every man must do his duty to his fatherland. 4. I have a lot of work to do. 5. We must organize a little dinner to celebrate the event; do come and stay the night with us. 6. You don’t play golf, do you? 7. No man keeps his work in a better state than he does. 8. Do be serious for just five minutes. 9. I knew something unusual had happened, of course, and so did mother. 10. He has done away with habit of smoking before breakfast. 11. He has done with looking through the newspapers and began reading his journal. 12. “You don’t think we have lost our way, do you?» asked my companion. 13. “I think you misunderstand him; I did tell I got to know him better”. 14. It does not matter whether this task will be fulfilled or won’t. 15. We do insist on this experiment being made at the earliest possible opportunity.

№3. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глагола to be.

1. Tom was to arrive early in the afternoon. 2. He is very highly spoken of. 3. I never talk when I am working. 4. You are seventeen now, aren’t you? 5. I was in Moscow last year. 6. I have been waiting here for half an hour. 7. Perhaps I was too much in the sun that morning. 8. The dinner was to be at noon. 9. Where am I to meet you? 10. I shall be busy this winter. 11. The rain is pouring steadily all the time. 12. Just as breakfast was completed there was a knock at the door. 13. The students are to take many exams this term. 14. Where is the lecture on Byron to take place? 15. When my aunt and I were left alone we talked far into the night. 16. What lessons are you to prepare for tomorrow? 17. The room was a pleasant one, at the top of the house, overlooking the sea, on which the moon was shining brilliantly. 18. We are to meet so as to go to the museum together. 19. He was to be at home yesterday. 20. What is she to do while we are away?

№4. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на многозначность местоимений.

a) 1. It is cold. 2. It is necessary to do this work well. 3. Finally I found the article and I started translating if at once. 4. It seemed to us that the engine was out of order. 5. The pictures of Mars’s surface made in possible to determine many details on that planet’s surface. 6. The chemists found it possible to separate these liquids from the mixture. 7. It is important that all be present at the lecture. 8. It is silver that is the best conducting metal. 9. It is my best friend. 10. The discovery of this new method makes if desirable to describe its main features.

b) 1.When one talks over a telephone it is not the sound of the voice that travels over the wire, it is an electric current. 2. I know only one solution of this problem. 3. From this experiment it is clear that these devices are low power ones. 4. When one doesn’t know grammer one often makes mistakes. 5. One should be attentive at the lessons. 6. The first exercise was easy, but one you are doing now is very difficult. 7. It is pity to spend all one’s life in the same place. 8. Open another drawer, the on the left. 9. You carry the light cases; I’ll bring these heavy ones. 10. One ought to remember that Lodygin was an inventor of the lamp.

c) After a careful study we came to this conclusion. 2. After he had come to this conclusion we began studying the new method. 3. After this experiment had been finished its importance became clear. 4. The method discovered by him was used after

d) As the weather was fine they decided to go to the country. The girl did as it was told. This formula is not so simple as you think. As we have seen already this matter is quite peculiar. As it is already late, I had better go. We ran down the hill as quickly as we could. Information as to the late of this matter is of particular interest. As soon as he is ready we shall begin our experiment. He works as a teacher at school. As to the temperature of energy over long distances, electricity is best. As far as these machines are inefficient they must be replaced by new ones. As there were no rooms for travelers at this hotel, we were given lodgings in a little hut. One can see that gases expand as the temperature rises. He was quite pale as if he were not well.

e) We took a taxi because we were in a hurry. He did not like this flower because of its unpleasant odour. This gas is called an inert gas because it is chemically inactive. We shall not use this method because of its being complicated.

f) All the necessary data you can find in the reference book lying before you. The cosmic rays spend millions of year before they reach our planet. This new method appeared much more complicated than that we had been using before.

g) He did not want to give up smoking, but he promised to do it. We could not but stop the experiment, and all but him left the room. But for the air no life on the earth have developed. This article is but extract from his main work. That experiment could be carried out so well by no one but him. But the systematic study of this phenomenon will supply us with necessary data. He couldn’t anything but obey.

h) We shall go to the lecture on art, for it seems to be interesting. It was too difficult for him to fulfill the task in time. They have been working at that design for free weeks. The temperature was too low for the snow to melt. Steel is used for many purposes. Steel is much better than iron for it has much greater strength and hardness. As for the properties of this substance they are very high. All these substances except for one of them may be used for this experiment. Take your raincoat, for it may rain. As for me, I cannot be present at this meeting. This ship can remain at sea only for a month and then it must put in for fuel.

i) Many thousand years have passed since man began to use metals. Many other discoveries have been made since radioactivity was discovered. Since you insist on if I shall go there today. Since the beginning of the term he has been working at his article. Since nobody replied, he hoped they hadn’t heard. He was born there, but have never been there since he was a baby. I knew him well, but it was some years since. Now we can say what electricity is since modern development gave us the electron theory. I have written two letters since I came back. The car moved slowly since the motor was not working well.

№5.Упражнение на перевод с английского на русский язык, на закрепление составных предлогов.

In accordance with this theory; according to the size of this thing; as compared to the size of the atom; apart of this use; by means of comparison of two substances; due to its useful properties; this change is due to its activity; irrespective of race; owing to his kindness; thanks to his cleverness; by means of translating these words; with respect to struggle for peace; in spite of the fact of his coming; prior to his arrival; in addition to this explanation; with respect to time; this classification is due to Dr.Molley; because of his mistakes; apart from this use; in accordance with its atomic number; owing to their activity; due to its great energy.

№6. Переведите предложения на русский язык, объясните употребление артиклей и случаи их отсутствия.

1. I am sure that he is European. 2. An old man entered the room. 3. When the rocket flew to the moon its apparatus was working well. 4. The question was not difficult and I answered it easily. 5. We want peace and friendship. We do not want war. 6. We waited for an hour and then went to the station. 7. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 8. You are too young to know how the world changes every day. 9. Boys like to read books about adventures. 10. We never know the value of water fill the well is dry. 11. Hope is a good breakfast, but a bad supper. 12. The sun streamed in at a little window. 13. He met an acquaintance of his on his way to the institute. 14. A delegation from India arrived in Moscow in October. 15. His cousin Mary gave him a basin of water and a piece of soap, and he went outside the door and put the basin on a little bench there; then he dipped the soap in the water. 16. Wait just a minute. 17. No one spoke a word.

Тесты

I looked for my newspaper, but I couldn’t find it ____.

a) nowhere

b) somewhere

c) anywhere

d) anything

1. ____ must be a lot of noise here.

a) It

b) This

c) There

d) Here

2. ____ the worse I feel.

a) When I take more medicine

b) The more medicine I take

c) The more I take

d) More medicine taken

3. He ____ to go to the dentist because he has toothache.

a) ought

b) must

c) should

d) have

4. I ____ in love with Bill since 1984.

a) was

b) am

c) had been

d) have been

5. By the time I got to the station, the train ____.

a) was leaving

b) had left

c) is leaving

d) left

6. I’d like to buy this sort of coffee. It ____ delicious.

a) tastes

b) is taking

c) has taste

d) tasted

7. Who was the gentleman ____ today?

a) whom you spoke

b) spoke to you

c) you spoke

d) you spoke to

8. Brandon had to have the car’s engine completely replaced, ____ he?

a) hadn’t

b) had

c) didn’t

d) did

9. I suppose the letter ____ tomorrow.

a) will deliver

b) will be delivered

c) is going to deliver

d) would deliver

10. The house ____ the storm.

a) is to destroy

b) destroys

c) destroyed

d) was destroyed by

11. If the bus ____ come soon, I’ll be late.

a) doesn’t

b) won’t

c) will

d) wasn’t

12. We enjoy ____ shopping.

a) to going

b) to go

c) go

d) going

13. Jack always stopped ____ the oil level in the engine.

a) to have checked

b) to check

c) checking

d) to checking

14. We ____ to school, but now we get the bus.

a) is used to walk

b) walked to use

c) used to walk

d) is used to walking

15. I could never be bored ____ football.

a) at

b) about

c) with

d) in

16. She is good ____ language, but she is bad ____ math.

a) in … in

b) at … at

c) in … at

d) at … in

17. ____ Lim, who is going to see her off?

a) Apart

b) Beside

c) Besides

d) Except

18. You were rude ____ him for no reason.

a) at

b) with

c) to

d) on

19. I didn’t enjoy the party, and Mary didn’t ____.

a) either

b) neither

c) as well

d) also

20. He made a silly mistake. It was very stupid ____ him.

a) about

b) with

c) of

d) to

21. This is the best film I have ____ seen.

a) still

b) ever

c) never

d) so far

22. It was ride ____ him to leave so suddenly.

a) of

b) with

c) to

d) about

23. They may feel envious ____ your success.

a) at

b) on

c) with

d) of

24. If something makes you worried and unhappy, you are very upset ___ it.

a) about

b) with

c) of

d) to

25. The wholesaler buys ____. It relieves the manufacturer of various risks.

a) in store

b) in bulk

c) temporary

d) quantity

26. _____ - intermediaries between producers and retailers.

a) wholesalers

b) unemployed

c) employer

d) employee

27. The company announced it had _____ a small batch of clothing. They discovered the products had been incorrectly labeled.

a) failed

b) shared

c) withdrawn

d) refused

28. Many companies have been saved from ____.

a) concept

b) scope

c) bankruptcy

d) allocation

29. In spite of the _____ here above the nation average, there is an atmosphere of prosperity in the town.

a) unemployment rate

b) mortgage

c) profit margins

d) expenditure

30. These measures _____ the plant to enlarge the production facilities.

a) delayed

b) amounted

c) dropped

d) enabled

32. The production possibility frontier represents ____.

a) a trade-off

b) a concave curve

c) the vertical axis

d) food output

33. In a market economy it is ____ who decide what is to be produced.

a) employer

b) government

c) producers

d) consumers

34. ____ means less spending, fewer jobs and a decline in the prosperity of the nation.

a) an unemployment

b) a recession

c) a cornerstone

d) an overall aim

35. In a mixed economy the government and the private sector ____.

a) make the largest profits possible

b) interact in solving economic problems

c) pursue their economic problems

d) lack confidence

36. What distinguishes different economists is ____ in which they are interested.

a) a general definition

b) higher wages

c) the segment of economic life

d) the local labour market

37. We are all _______ the progress of the order.

a) concerned about

b) satisfied with

c) dealt with

d) crowded with

38. Prompt deliveries _______ them to compete in the British market.

a) enabled

b) issued

c) formed

d) contracted

39. You are to open _______ with Moscow Bank in favour of the Seller for the full value of the goods.

a) Notification of the Readiness

b) irrevocable, confirmed and divisible Letter of Credit

c) contract

d) Department of Employment

40. There are many _______ problems in the world.

a) economic

b) economical

c) economics

d) economy

Вариант Б

1. After the lecture ____ will be a discussion.

a) it

b) these

c) here

d) there

2. I’ve got some records ____.

a) of hers

b) theirs

c) my

d) mine

3. I wonder who ____.

a) did help him to escape

b) to escape did him help

c) him helped to escape

d) helped him to escape

4. I’m not working tomorrow, so I ____ get up early.

a) have not to

b) don’t have to

c) haven’t got

d) am to

5. I ____ a decision yet.

a) made

b) am making

c) will make

d) haven’t made

6. When I ____ Jill yesterday she was cleaning her teeth.

a) was phoned

b) has phoned

c) phoned

d) had phoned

7. At one time, Mr. Roberts ____ this building.

a) owns

b) owned

c) was owning

d) has owned

8. Who ____ into the house last week?

a) breaks

b) does break

c) broke

d) did break

9. Everyone has to answer for his actions, ____?

a) hasn’t he

b) has he

c) does

d) doesn’t he

10. I heard that Kate ____ a new position at the East Side Clinic.

a) had accepted

b) has accepted

c) was accepting

d) will accept

11. If we had a big house, ____ invite friends.

a) we’ll

b) we’d be able to

c) we’ll be able to

d) we can

12. My Jeans need ____.

a) wash

b) to wash

c) washed

d) washing

13. Mum won’t let me ____ to the beach today.

a) go

b) going

c) to go

d) to going

14. Would you mind ____ the window, please?

a) open

b) to open

c) opening

d) I open

15. Brenda is the kind of person ____ I like.

a) that

b) whose

c) what

d) which

16. Harry succeeded ____ passing the test.

a) at

b) in

c) on

d) with

17. If you feel that you don’t trust someone, you are suspicious ____.

a) at him

b) of them

c) with them

d) on him

18. My parents have worked for this company ____ 1993.

a) since

b) for

c) –

d) by

19. Everybody should take care ____ nature.

a) with

b) about

c) at

d) of

20. I don’t have enough money to pay ____ the meal.

a) at

b) to

c) for

d) over

21. I decided not to go ____ car.

a) on

b) by

c) in

d) off

22. Excuse me, I have to get ____ at the next station.

a) out of

b) by

c) off

d) in

23. Has he driven a car ____?

a) just now

b) before

c) still

d) for ages

24. They are leaving ____ London?

a) for

b) in

c) at

d) of

25. I have ____ been late for school.

a) ever

b) never

c) yet

d) as

26. The wholesaler sells goods _____ to retailers and in doing so he retails business.

a) in supply

b) in small quantities

c) at the exchange

d) in business

27. To increase their _____ they launched a new product.

a) profit

b) vocabulary

c) unemployment

d) inquire

28. I’m sure they’d prefer someone who _____.

a) mentions

b) perishable

c) keeps his word

d) curve

29. To make the market as large as possible, there must be no _____ to free trade both within a country and among countries.

a) announcements

b) events

c) impediments

d) bankruptcy

30. _____ capital is for single –use factor or «variable factor», such as labour, raw materials, petrol, stationary, etc.

a) fixed

b) executive

c) singe

d) working

31. Government expenditure is chiefly financed by ____ taxes.

a) imposing

b) providing

c) transferring

d) reflecting

31. The production possibility frontier shows the maximum combinations of ____ that the economy can produce, if it uses all its available scarce resources.

a) trade-off

b) straight line

c) output

d) transfer

32. In a free market individual people are free ____.

a) to intervene in the management of the economy

b) to gain sufficient sales

c) to pursue their own interests

d) to make the society better-off

33. Theoretically, all the economies of the world are ____: it is just the balance elements between market and planned elements that alters.

a) mixed

b) planned

c) significant

d) private

34. Urban economics deals with ____: land use, transport, congestion and housing.

a) personal property

b) working conditions

c) partial analysis

d) city problems

35. Macroeconomics prefers to treat cars, bicycles, televisions and calculators as a single ____ called «consumer goods».

a) bundle

b) aggregate

c) menu

d) choice

37. I’d like to stress that it’s our _______ order with your company.

a) previous

b) trial

c) acceptable

d) impressive

38. For the order of that size we can _______ off the value of the goods.

a) quote terms of payment

b) open a letter of Credit

c) give a 2% discount

d) show promise

39. We would like some ______ to be replaced.

a) defects

b) spare parts

c) faulty parts

d) deal

40. The buyers is always interested in extending ______.

a) insurance

b) terms of payment

c) production

d) the guarantee period

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