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INDEX

Abercrombie, David, 146 n, 190

ad hoc elaboration, in broadcast talk, 278 -80

adjacency pair, 6, 31 - 32; chaining of, 8 - 9; noncontextual analysis of, 33 - 34

aloud reading, 171 -72; as production mode, 172, 227 -29; competency in, 229; from pre-scripted texts, 254 -61; production format for, 229

ambiguity, broadcast examples of: lexically based, 244, 249 -50; referential, 245, 249; structural, 248, 250; syntactic, 245

announcer: as speaker to invisible listeners, 241 -42; vulnerability of, to technological faults, 268 -69

announcing: change of footing in, 236 -37; frontstage-backstage problems in, 266 -68; key contingency in, 198; management of speech faults in, 280 - 314, 319; modes of, 232 -36; sources of speech faults in, 242 -69

Argyle, Michael, 141 n.5 audience: heterogeneity of broadcast, 243; lecturer's contract with, 194 -95; special character of broadcast, 242 -53

Austin, John, 67

back-channel cues, 12, 28

back pair, 9

Bauman, Richard, 161

Beattie, Geoffrey W., 205, 293 n

Becker, A. L., 139 n

Bell, Allan, 239 n

Bellack, Arno A. et al., 13, 24, 24 n. 16, 29

Bennett, Tina, 227 n

Blom, Jan-Peter, 126

Bloomfield, Leonard, 22 n, 23 n. 13

Bond, Zinny S., 213 n. 13, 250 n, 275 n

Boomer, Donald, 25 n, 204, 205, 205 n, 206

Bourdieu, Pierre, 210 n. 8

bracket laugh, 317 -19

Bruner, Jerome, 39 n

bystanders, 132 -33

celebrative occasion, 168 -69, 188

Clancy, Patricia, 28, 206, 208

code-switching, 126 -27, 128

Collett, Peter, 122 n

collusion, 134

commissives, 63

communication systems: as composite structure 181; constraints on (see system constraints); noise in, 181 -84; requirements for, 14 - 15; vulnerability of, 242 -69

competency, 198; application of social control model to 200 - 201, 314 -19; human, 201 -2; in speech production 229

contextualizing devices: in lectures, 188 -91

conversation, 14 n. 8

Cook-Gumperz, Jenny, 96 n, 127

Corsaro, William, 96 n

Coulthard, R. M., 40, 49 n

Crystal, David, 11, 44 n

Cutler, Anne, 204 n, 210 n. 6

Dean, Janet, 141 n. 5

Deutschberger, Paul, 145

dialogic format: limitations of, 22 - 25, 27 - 29; uses of, 6 - 9

directives, 61 - 63

display, 89

Dittmann, Allen T., 25 n, 205

Duncan, Starkey, Jr., 12 n

Ekman, Paul, 7

embedding, 3, 7, 149 -51; of response cries, 119 -20, 122

error correction: in broadcast talk, 252 -54; management of, in broadcast talk, 280 - 314, 319

errors, broadcast: dealing with ambiguous, 277 -78; due to pre-scripted text, 255; track, 257 -58; unambiguous, 273 -75. See also speech faults

Erwin-Tripp, Susan, 66 n

Falk, Dean, 17, 141 n.6

Fanshel, David, 35 n

faultables, 225

faults, perception of by hearer and speaker, 275 -77

Fay, David, 204 n, 210 n. 6

Fillmore, Charles, 69 n

Finegan, Edward, 210 n.8

Finnegan, Ruth, 228 n

Fisher, Lawrence E., 134

footing, 128, 227; changes in, 128, 152, 172, 231 -32; changes in: in radio announcing, 236 -37, 280 - 314; in lecturing, 172, 173 -86; keyings, 174 -75, 179; management of performance contingencies, 181 -86; text brackets, 175 -76, 179; text-parenthetical remarks, 176 -79

Frake, Charles, 161

frame problems in broadcasting: boundaries of titles, 258 -59; track error, 257 -58

frame space, 230, 240; of announcers, 278 - 314; violation of, 230 -31

Friedman, Marc, 239 n.27

Fromkin, Victoria, 204

Fuller, Nancy, 212 n, 257 n

Garnes, Sara, 213 n.13, 250 n, 275 n

gathering, 84, 136

Gleitman, Henry, 246 n

Gleitman, Lila R., 246 n

Gluckman, Max, 17 n

Goffman, Erving, 12, 16, 17 n, 21, 42, 49 n, 57, 128 n, 136, 146, 208 n, 210 n.9, 227, 257 n, 298, 302, 305, 317 n, 322

Goldman-Eisler, Frieda, 205

Goodwin, Marjorie, 14, 27 n, 153 n

Gopnik, Allison, 96 n

Gordon, David, 33 n, 37

Grice, H. Paul, 15 n, 33 n, 37 n

Gumperz, John, 44 n, 126, 127

Gunter, Richard, 7, 22, 31, 33

Halliday, M. A. K., 205 n

Harris, Zellig, 23 n.13

hearer, 131 -33; point of view of, in broadcasting, 273 -77

Hewes, Gordon W., 141 n.6

Hirsh-Pasek, Kathy, 246 n

Hjertholm, Elsie, 95 n

Hockett, Charles, 148

Hoffer, Jay, 238 n

Horibe, Frances, 246 n

Humphrey, Frank, 220

Hyde, Stuart W., 219 n, 237 -38

Hymes, Dell H., 139, 144, 202

Hymes, Virginia, 25, 26, 161

innuendo, 134

James, Deborah, 110 n, 293 n

Jefferson, Gail, 7, 13, 32 n, 116, 117 n, 204, 205, 211 -12, 213, 224 n, 225 n.18, 289 n, 315 n, 316 n, 317 n, 321.

Jordan, Brigitte, 212 n, 257 n

Keenan, Elinor, 227 n

Kendon, Adam, 38, 122 n

Kohlberg, Lawrence, 95 n

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Laberge, Suzanne, 150

Labov, William, 33 n, 176, 210

Lakoff, George, 33 n, 210 n. 9

Laver, John D. M., 204, 205, 206

lecture, 165; advertising of, 170; as lodged in celebrative occasion, 168 -69; characteristics of, 165 -66; difference between game and spectacle in, 167 -71; illustrations in, 164 -65; interests of organizers of, 169-71

lecturer: access to, 186 -87, 191 -92; and speaking engagement, 193; as performer, 165 -66, 192; as substitute for author of text, 180 -81; authority of, 167; contract with audience, 194 -95; textual self of, 173 -74. See also speaker listeners, kinds of, 9 - 10. See also hearer

Llewellyn, Lynn G., 205

Lord, Albert B., 228 n, 325 n

Maclay, Howard, 205

Mahl, George F., 206 n

Marsh, Peter, 122 n

memorization, 171 -72; as production mode, 172, 227 -29; competency in, 229; production format for, 229

Merritt, Marilyn, 8

metacommunicating, in broadcast talk: counterdisplays, 289 -91; pronunciation frame, 281 -82; self-reporting, 291 -96; strident correction, 280 -81; textual constraints, 287 -89; use of connective: to avoid pretentiousness, 285 -86; to avoid stereotyped phrases, 286; to establish authorship, 282 -84; to hedge on competency, 284 -85

Moerman, Michael, 145

Morgan, J. L., 205 n

Morris, Desmond, 122 n

move, 24, 71 - 72; kinds of, in turns at talk, 118 -19 noise: disattention of, 184; sources of, in lectures, 181 -84 nonword vocalizations: in response cries, 114; productivity of, 115; role in a language, 115 -16

Osgood, Charles E., 205

O'Shaughnessy, Marie, 122 n

Parry, Adam, 228 n, 325 n

participation framework, 3, 137; subject to transformation, 153

participation status, 137

performance, in lectures, 165 -66

Philips, Susan, 23 n. 14, 27

Piaget, Jean, 80, 94, 95 n

Pike, Kenneth, 167

Pilon, Robert, 246 n

Polanyi, Livia, 152

Pomerantz, Anita, 17 n, 220

production format, 145, 220; for bases of speech production, 229

production modes, 172; shifts in, 172

production tolerance, 230

prose, differences between written and spoken, 189 -90

Quang Phuc Dong, 115 n, 119

Quine, Willard van Orman, 40, 116 n

reference-response, 50, 52, 72

remedial action: after speech fault (see speech faults, correction of); ritualistic, 199 - 200; substantive, 199 - 200; with two announcers, 312 -13. See also speech faults

replies, 35

response cries: and directed statements, 118 -20; and self-talk in complementary distribution, 113; as natural expressions, 116; imprecations seen as, 112; in broadcast talk, 305 -6; in management of talk, 109 -10; in ongoing conversations, 107 -8; in open states of talk, 104 -7; in writing, 113 -14; kinds of utterances in, 114 -16; location of, in social situations, 121 -22; nature of, 99 - 101; types of: audible glee, 106 -7; filled pause,

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109 -10; floor cues, 106; pain cry, 105 -6; revulsion sounds, 104; self-correction, 110; sexual moan, 106; spill cry, 101 -3; strain grunt, 104 -5; threat startle, 103 -4; transition display, 101. See also nonword vocalizations

responses: as basic model for talk, 52 - 54; as reactions, 47; kinds of, 35; nonverbal elements in, 36 - 40; reach of, 40 - 45; to nonlinguistic elements in talk, 47 - 48; to self, 45 - 46

ritual constraints: conflict with system constraints, 25 - 26; function of, 18, 19, 20 - 21; in episoding conversation, 21; in management of talk, 20, 21; inversionary effects in talk, 26 - 27

ritual interchanges, 17

ritualization, 2; in error avoidance 281 -82

role distance, in management of speech faults, 278 - 314

Rommetveit, Ragnar, 71 n

Ross, John Robert, 149 n

Sacks, Harvey, 6, 12, 13, 19, 23 n. 14, 24, 45, 51 n, 98, 211 -12, 213, 224 n, 225 n. 16, 289 n, 316 n, 321

Sankoff, Gillian, 150

Schafer, Kermit, 197 n passim, 242 n

Schegloff, Emanuel, 8, 12, 13, 19, 45, 51 n, 211 -12, 213, 224 n, 289 n, 316 n, 321

Schieffelin, Bambi B., 151 n. 10

Searle, John, 33 n, 61, 63

self-communication, in broadcast talk: despairing give-up, 310 -11; expression of self-amusement, 307 -9; externalization of self-monitoring, 303 -5; response cries, 305 -6; self-quoted errors, 309 -10; self-talk, 306 -7

self-talk, 79; and the soliloquy, 83, 97 n; characterizations of, 80 - 81; frame questions in, 81 - 82; imprecations, 97 - 99; in broadcast talk, 306 -7; in social situations, 85 - 88, 90, 91 - 94, 96 - 97, 121 -22; interactional approach to, 82 - 83, 84; recipient design of, 97; taboos on, 81 - 82

sentences, 22 - 23, 30 - 31; noncontextual analysis of, 32 - 33

Shatz, Marilyn, 40 n, 65 n

Sherzer, Joel, 136, 244 n

Shuy, Roger, 43 n. 24, 44, 54 n, 55 n

silence, types of, 25, 25 n

Simonini, R. C., Jr., 204

Sinclair, J. McH., 40, 49, 49 n, 54 n

Sinclair, J. McH. et al., 24 n

Smith, Henry L., 205 n

social control model, limits of, in study of speech production faults, 217 -23, 252 -54, 270 -73, 314 -19 social situation, 84; obligations of participants in, 84 - 88; self-talk acceptable in, 91 - 94, 97; self-talk as a threat to, 85 - 88

solitary, a: contrasted with a single, 79; contrasted with a with, 79 n

speaker, 144, 226; as animator, 144, 167, 226, 229, 239; as author, 144, 167, 226, 229, 239; as principal, 144 -45, 167, 226, 229; as represented by figure, 147 -51; point of view of, in broadcasting, 273 -77. See also lecturer

speech, as human competency, 202 -3

speech act, related to speech form, 64 - 66

speech faults: avoidance of, 213 -14; correction of, 211 -17; issues in production and recognition of, 203 -8, 217 -24; management of, in announcing, 280 - 314, 319; reactions to, 212 -13, 218 -19); sources of, in announcing, 242 -69; types of, 208 -11

Spiegelberg, Herbert, 145

statement, problems with notion of, 48 - 50

statement and replies, 13; relationship to moves, 24

Strong, P. M., 142

Stubbs, Michael, 9 n, 10, 21

subordinate communication, 133 -34

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