To test if a compound has AN

To test if fertilizer has ammonium nitrates use a sample and pour on top about half as much sodium hydroxide. Then add a small amount of water. If it starts bubbling and releasing ammonia gas then it has a high concentration of ammonium nitrate.

How to make ANNM/ANFO even more potent by using additives:

· Aluminium powder

Adding 5 to 20 percent (15% is optimal), by weight, microfine aluminium powder (30 mesh (JIS sieve) or below is optimal) will increase the VOD substantially. The reason why this is often ignored is due to the high cost of aluminium dust. AL makes the mixture more sensitive to detonation and increases the power output of the product. Thus a smaller primer is needed.

· 3 hydrogen containers (tanks of bottled hydrogen)

Three tanks of bottled hydrogen are placed in a circular configuration around the main charge, to enhance the fireball and afterburn of the solid metal particles. Placing 3 hydrogen containers (on all three sides of the main charge) will increase the blast considerably and add a very potent and lethal incendiary effect. Compressed hydrogen is used for mobile hydrogen storage in hydrogen vehicles. It is used as a fuel gas. At this point in time, 2010, there are at least a few hydrogen filling stations in most European capitals. Two cars that use this fuel: Toyota Prius, Mazda RX-8. You would need three hydrogen storage containers, f example the “Palcan Hydrogen System” container. The use of compressed gas cylinders in this type of attack closely resembles the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing. Both of these attacks used compressed gas cylinders to create fuel-air and thermobaric effects that release more energy than conventional high explosives. Thermobaric effects is also a requirement if you plan to detonate a propan-truck (two stage detonation is required for optimal effect, but a thermobaric effect (detonating fuel-air) is likely to be able to compensate for the lack of the two-stage detonation process. A 50-100 kg booster should be enough in this regard.

· Magnesium and ferric oxide particles (not confirmed yet)

Surrounding the main explosive with magnesium and ferric oxide particles will increase the VOD.

· Larger blasting cap and or booster is always a positive factor

Using a larger blasting cap/booster will increase the VOD of ANNM or more precisely, if you fail to use a large enough blasting cap/booster you will fail to detonate all the ANNM optimally.

· Air bubbles: cork or balsa wood (not confirmed yet)

To add even more kick, you can incorporate tiny air bubbles into the explosive. 17 parts NM, 60 parts AN and add 2 parts of finely ground cork or balsa wood or alternatively 5-7% fuel oil, 90-95% AN and in addition aprox 10-15% of total weight aluminium powder and 3% cork granules (I believe 2-3 mm granules will work). The cork or balsa wood is the source of the entrapped air bubbles in the mixture. There are several suppliers of cork granules, just do a search on google or alibaba.com. However, I have not been able to confirm the efficiency of this additive with the given specifications.

· Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (not confirmed yet)

When using fertilizer grade ANFO explosives, properties are improved up to 30% by the addition of 0,5-1% “Tide” or Mr. Bubble” or any detergent containing sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. Mixed in after AN and FO is mixed.

Sources:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recrystallization

http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=1112

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