Which part of the text does each statement refer to? Which part of the text does each statement refer to?

Which part of the text does each statement refer to?

#1. People did not learn to write until 5000 years ago. (…)

#2. Some people say the first words were imitations of animal sounds. (…)

#3. Language allows people to talk to each other and to write their thoughts and ideas. (…)

#4. Neanderthal man appeared around 70,000 years ago. (…)

#5. Australopithecus did not have a throat able to make the sounds of speech. (…)

1. Some people say the first words were grunts of love between people. Some say they were imitations of animal sounds. But there is no real way of knowing. Nor is there any way of telling when people first began to speak.

2. However, Neanderthal man, who appeared around 70,000 years ago, could probably make a few recognizable sounds.

3. Scientists generally agree that people first learned to speak 50-30,000 years ago. But it may be that people could communicate by signs and in other ways a long time before this. They did not learn to write until 5000 years ago.

4. A close study of the skulls of early hominids suggests that Australopithecus, who appeared around 4 million years ago, could not speak. Like apes, this hominid did not have a throat able to make the sounds of speech.

5. Wherever there is human society, there is language. Most forms of human activity depend on the cooperation of two or more persons.

6. A common language enables humans to work together in an infinite variety of ways. Language has made possible the development of advanced, technological civilization.

7. Without language for communication, there would be little or no science, religion, commerce, government, art, literature, and philosophy.

8. Language is a human speech, either spoken or written. Language is the most common system of communication. It allows people to talk to each other and to write their thoughts and ideas.

9. Scholars determined that there are about 3,000 languages spoken in the world today. This number does not include dialects (local forms of a language).

10. Many languages are spoken only by small groups of a few hundred or a few thousand persons. There are more than a hundred languages with a million or more speakers.

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Which part of the text does each statement refer to?

#1. Children learn to connect individual words with objects, ideas, and actions. (…)

#2. Youngsters learn to arrange words in certain ways. (…)

#3. Young children begin listening to older persons and imitating them. (…)

#4. Children can learn to speak or write precisely about more complex matters. (…)

#5. Most children can communicate well enough for most of their own practical purposes. (…)

1. Most people learn their own language without fully realizing what is taking place. Young children feel a need to communicate their particular needs and they begin listening to older persons and imitating them. They gradually learn to select and to make the sounds used in the language spoken around them.

2. They also learn to disregard other possible sounds that their voices could make. At the same time, children learn to connect individual words with objects, ideas, and actions. Their responses become automatic.

3. Tape recorders permit students to listen, repeat, erase their own repetition, then try again.

4. For example, upon seeing a dog, an English-speaking child automatically calls it “a dog”. Youngsters also learn, largely by imitation, to arrange words in certain ways.

5. By the age of 5 or 6, most children have learned the patterns of their language fairly well. They can then communicate well enough for most of their own practical purposes. In school, the language-learning process becomes conscious and deliberate.

6. Children become aware of how the sounds and words of their language are arranged in systems. They can then learn to speak or write precisely about more complex matters.

7. Computers correct student translations of words and phrases on a video display screen.

8. For hundreds of years, language students have used grammar books, exercise books, and dictionaries.

9. Modern study aids – especially for spoken language – include voice recordings with accompanying booklets, tape recorders, videotapes and closed-circuit TV’s and computers.

10. Videotapes and closed-circuit TV’s let students watch their mouth movements and compare then with those of a speaker.

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Дата добавления: 2015-07-17