Gastrointestinal diseases

34.What does the digestive system consist of?

Digestive system consist of digestive canal and accessory organs.

Digestive canal: oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, ileum jejunum), large intestine (cecum, colon, rectum), anus

Accessory organs: teeth, tongue, palate, salivary glands, gastric glands, liver, pancreas, intestinal glands.

35.Describe the process of digestion

Digestive process begins in mouth. Food is transforming into a ball, carbohydrates start to digested.

Than food moves to stomach trough esophagus. Here the proteins are digesting.

Than food moves to duodenum, when it completely digesting by pancreas and byle.

In a small intestine, when the nutrition are absorbing

In a large intestine, water is absorbing

Waste stored in rectum and excreted by anus.

36.What are the principle functions of the gastrointestinal tract?

Principle functions of digestive system are:

1) converting food from complex to simple structures

2) Absorbing of nutritions

3) extracting the wastes

37.What is gastritis(chronic and acute)its cause symptoms treatment.

Gastritis – is the inflammation of stomach mucosa membrane

Cause: Acute form: helicobacter pylori, alcohol, sharp spices, very hot food, irregular nutrition

Chronic form: unknown reason, stresses.

Symptoms: strong sharp abdominal pain, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fullness feeling

Treatment: avoid hot and spicy food, absorbents, antibiotics (when helicobacter detected), painkillers.

38.What is ulcerative colitis, its cause symptoms treatment and complications.

Ulcerative colitis – inflammations and ulcerations of large intestine.

Cause: unknown

Symptoms: attacks of bloody diarrhea 10-15 times per day, pains, fever, loss of appetite.

Treatment: anti-diarrheal drugs, sulfoanimates, corticosteroids, diet, in severe cases – surgery.

Complications: perforation, peritonitis, intestinsl bleeding, anemia, arthritis.

39.What is appendicitis, its cause symptoms?What treatment methods for the appendicitis do you know?

Appendicitis – inflammation of the appendix.

Cause: Enlarged lymph. nodes, stenosis, kinking of the appendix, obstruction of feceth

Symtoms: Pain in umbilical region, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, sensibility of abdominal wall.

Treatment: Antibiotics (in simple cases), surgery (in severe cases) - appendectomy

40.What is peritonitis? Describe it clinical manifestation. How to manage this pathology?

Peritonitis – inflammation of peritoneum

Cause: infection, leakage of fluid in peritoneum

Symptoms: severe pain when patient moves, t’, chills, rising pulse, leukocytosis, toxemia, hiccups.

Treatment: surgery, antibiotics

Complications: acute renal failure, shock, sepsis, sbcess

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