Support System

The suspension system, wheels and tires should be discussed while speaking about the automobile’s support system. Automobiles would deliver jolting rides without a system of shock absorbers and other devices to protect the auto body and passenger compartment.

The suspension system contains springs that move up and down to absorb bumps and vibrations. Shock absorbers control or dampen the sudden loading to reduce wheel bounce and the shock transferred from the road wheels to the body. One shock absorber is installed at each wheel. Modern shock absorbers have a telescoping design and use oil, gas, and air, or a combination to absorb energy.

Automobile wheels generally are made of steel or aluminum. Aluminum wheels are lighter, more impact absorbent, and more expensive.

Tires help smooth out the ride and provide the automobile’s only contact with the road, so traction and strength are primary requirements. Tire treads come in several varieties to match driving conditions.

Exercise 4. Translate into English.

1. Основная функция катушки зажигания – это генерировать высоковольтный импульс на свечу зажигания. 2. Раньше в двигателе была одна катушка, и чтобы обслужить несколько цилиндров применялся распределитель. 3. Для увеличения эффективности двигателя сейчас используются две свечи на цилиндр. 3. Поджог горючей смечи производиться электрическим разрядом, который возникает между электродами свечи. 4. После запуска аккумулятор подзаряжается от генератора, который приводится в движение двигателем. 5. Уменьшение расхода топлива может быть получено при использовании инжекторной системы подачи топлива.

LESSON XII

Exercise 1. Read the following words and word combinations.

poor – плохой, несоответствующий light condition – состояние освещения

to distract – отвлекать visibility – обзор

extra – дополнительные, сверх to fit on – устанавливать

to dazzle – слепить to confuse – сбивать с толку

warrant – гарантия fitness – пригодность

hefty fine – большой штраф

Exercise 2. These terms you should know.

headlight – фара safety feature – меры обеспечения безопасности

roadside – обочина oncoming – встречный

fog lamp - противотуманная фара hazard lights – “аварийка”

tail light – задние огни brake light – стоп-сигнал

stop lamp – стоп-сигнал reverse lamp – фара заднего хода

daytime running lamps – фары дневного света (габариты)

Auxiliary headlight (dipped beam headlight)- фара ближнего света

to dim (one's) headlights — переключить фары с дальнего света на ближний

READ AND TRANSLATE THE TEXT

Lights

Good headlights are known to be an important safety feature for driving at night and in poor light conditions. They should give you a good view of the road and roadside without distracting oncoming traffic. Fog lamps are designed to improve visibility in fog but should only be used in foggy conditions. Some cars have wipers or water jets to keep the headlights clean. Large, well-positioned tail lights, brake lights, high-mounted stop lamps, reverse lights and indicators let other road users know that the vehicle is there and what it is doing, so crashes are less likely to happen.

Inadequate lighting proves to make it difficult for a driver to see and for their vehicle to be seen at night. Too bright lights seem to be just as dangerous. There are now legal limits on how many and where extra lights can be fitted on a vehicle. The law says your lights must not dazzle, confuse or distract other road users and sets out how and when you can use some types of vehicle lights.

If you don’t get your lights right, not only could your vehicle fail its warrant of fitness, but you could also be in for a hefty fine. Even worse, you could cause a crash.

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:

1. How many headlights does a car have? 2. Which headlights are extra ones? 3. What should the driver do not to dazzle oncoming traffic? 4. What is the function of stop lamp (auxiliary headlights, main beam lights)?

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