Ski Jumping

Skiing event in which contestants ski down a steep ramp curved upward at the

end and launch themselves into the air for distance. Using a crouch position, skiers

can achieve ramp speeds of 75 mi (120 km) per hour. After takeoff, they lean far

forward from the ankles with knees straight and skis held open at the tips to form a

V, a position that minimizes wind resistance and maximizes lift. Scoring is based

partly on distance and partly on form.

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Lesson 8 Water kinds of sport

Read and translate the texts. TEXT 7

Would you believe that in the first modern Olympics, in 1896, the 1,200-meter

freestyle race took place in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea? The swimmers

were left in the water by a boat, and the first one to swim back to the shore won the

race!

Well, swimming events at the Olympics have come a long way since then. For

one thing, they now take place in a swimming pool. Men and women compete in a

total of 16 events, using 4 different swimming strokes and swimming between 1

and 30 laps. The four strokes are freestyle, breaststroke, backstroke and butterfly.

In some events, called "medleys", swimmers must use all the strokes in one race.

No more than eight swimmers compete in one race. Winners are determined

based on time. The swimmer that finishes the race in the shortest time wins. So that

they can glide better, and move faster, swimmers often shave off all the hair on

their body!

Synchronized Swimming

If a ballet could take place in the water, it would look like Synchronized

Swimming. Just like ballet, there is music, and there is dancing... well, sort of.

Synchronized Swimming is a competitive team sport for women only. The

goal of the sport is to move in the water to music. All the swimmers need to be

perfectly in time with each other, and they make patterns with their legs and arms

as they move. There are two events, a technical and a free routine. In the technical

routine, swimmers need to do certain moves in a set order. In the free routine,

swimmers can do moves in any order, to any music.

Synchronized swimmers need to be very strong, flexible, and graceful. They

also need to be able to hold their breath for a really long time. Some of their moves

are upside-down under water! To make their experience in the water a little easier,

they wear nose clips, which stop water from going up their noses.

Teams win points on a scale from 1 to 10 based on difficulty, original

movement, or choreography, or for a perfect routine

Diving

In the diving event, athletes jump off a diving board and land in a swimming

pool. These athletes are called divers, and they dive from two different boards. The

high board is called the "platform", and the low board is called the "springboard".

When the divers are in the air, they turn, tumble, and twist. These moves have

names like somersaults, pikes, tucks, and twists.

Divers can be awarded up to 10 points for each dive. Points are awarded based

on their difficulty; the number of moves the divers try to make; and the ways the

divers jump off the board, perform their dive, and enter the water. For a perfect

dive, they must enter the water without making any splash at all.

Synchronized diving has been introduced at the Olympics. This means that two

divers will dive at the same time.

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