Читайте также:
|
The operation of administration systems has been greatly assisted by the development and widespread availability of personal computers (PCs). The introduction of new technology can affect the following:
Workload: Information technology can increase the quantity and quality of work that can be carried out by employees in a firm. This is because computer systems can speed work up and do not make mistakes other than those caused by human error. However, a great deal of effort is required immediately following the introduction of new technology to transfer existing files onto computers and to set up computerised procedures. Initially, therefore, the introduction of new technology can increase the workload of employees before long-term reductions are realised.
Stress: Because change involves new methods of working and procedures, it can be a very stressful time for staff. The introduction of new technology may not only change working methods, but may also lead to redundancies and therefore even greater stress. Stress can be reduced through training in the use of the new equipment and by good communications between management and staff to discuss the new methods and keep people informed.
Productivity: If less inputs are required to produce the same or more output in a firm, then productivity has improved. Information Technology can improve productivity by increasing the speed at which administrative tasks are undertaken, thereby releasing labour to work on other tasks.
Efficiency: A computerised system rarely breaks down and makes mistakes. Information Technology can, therefore, help to increase the speed, accuracy, and efficiency with which administrative tasks are carried out.
Computer hardware
Computer hardware is the physical equipment used by the system. Typically, hardware consists of one or more computers, each possessing a visual display unit (VDU), or monitor, and a keyboard with which to enter information and control the software and information output. Use of a mouse, joystick, light pen, and/or touch-sensitive VDU screens, are both alternatives and complements to the keyboard. A printer will be required if information displayed by the VDU is to be output to paper or overhead slide transparencies.
The hardware is driven by one or more central processing units (CPUs). The CPU interprets and processes information and commands. The speed and power of CPUs is growing all the time, with 486 and Pentium processors, produced by the American Intel Corporation, being the most common kinds of processor in use today.
Software
Computer software refers to predesigned packages or programs which give instructions to the computer to process information. A great number of packages are available for business use, including word processing, spreadsheets, databases, graphics, and accounting software.
The tasks software can perform are continually expanding with new developments in processing power, which has also increased the speed at which tasks are completed. For example, desktop video conferencing, whereby staff in different locations can see and talk to each other on their computer screens and work on the same computer files, is now possible using software developed for the Pentium processor.
Дата добавления: 2015-12-08; просмотров: 53 | Нарушение авторских прав