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Words
ability n способность
alongwithprep наряду с
confined а ограниченный
destroyv разрушать
die out v затухать
escape n утечка
namelyadv. а именно
smotherv тушить пожар (прекращением
доступа кислорода к пламени)
smoulderv тлеть
solventn растворитель
starvationn голодание
sustainv поддерживать
techniquen техника исполнения
Word Combinations
chain reaction цепнаяреакция
extinguishing agent огнетушащеевещество
ignition temperature температуравоспламенения
seatoffire зона наибольшего развития
пожара
GrammarNote
Onсе помимо своего основного значения «один раз», «однажды», «некогда» служит для усиления.
Once the cause of fire is determined -Еслитолькоопределенапричинапожара...
Стоит только определить причину пожара...
I.Practise the following for pronunciation:
tetrahedron, inhibit, graphite, attainment, maintenance, shield,starvation, smother, escape, radiant, smolder, sustain
II. Read the international words:
reaction, result, reduction, production, area, physically, practical, technique, action,mix, atmosphere, percentage, stop, formation, base, attack, absorber, effective, radiant, chemicals, molecular, structure, form, extremely, automatic, system, millisecond, spray, metal, problem, graphite, salt, type, metallic, fact, essential, minimum, temperature, limitation, factor, classify
III. Read and translate the pairs of nouns and verbs:
heat-to heat, chain- tochain, fire- to fire, result- to result, spread- to spread, break- to break, level- to level, air- to air, use-to use, stop- to stop, base -to base, attack- to attack, form- to form, flash- to flash, offer- to offer, water- to water, paint- to paint, foam-to foam,spray- to spray, escape-to escape
IV. Give three forms of the verbs:
destroy, remove, die out, break, drag, be, attack, form, have, cool, present, spread, apply, underline
V. Read and translate the words of the same root:
practise- practice- practical-impractical, conclude- conclusion, remove- removal- removable-removed, gas-gaseous, able- ability- unable, absorb- absorption- absorber, conclude- conclusion-conclusive, violent- violence, various- variety, add- addition- additional
VI. Put the adjectives in comparative and superlative degrees:
impractical, good, possible, dry, low, many, various, open, rapid, suitable, several, different,effective, combustible
VII. Choose the translation of the underlined words:
liquid 1 связь
2 жидкость
3 ликвидация
chain 1 вызов
2 цепь
3 палата
compound 1 сжатие
2компонент
3 соединение
contain 1 содержать в себе
2 установить контакт
3 бороться
inhibit 1 вдыхать
2портить,вредить
3 сдерживать, подавлять
spread 1 обрызгивать
2 ссориться
3 распространяться
nearby 1 нуждающийся
2 аккуратный
3 близлежащий
enclosing 1 ограничивающий
2 ободряющий
3 окружающий
various 1 различный
2 обширный
3 парообразный
пролом 1 brevity
2 break
3 breast
пространство 1 spark
2 spectrum
3 space
заключение 1 concern
2 condition
3 conclusion
удалять 1 remove 2 remind
3 remain
разрушать 1 detect 2 destroy
3 determine
мешать 1 depress
2 descend
3 deprive
лучистый 1 radical
2 racial
3 radiant
определенный 1 conclusive 2 certain
3 celebrated
частый 1 frightened
2 frequent
3 free
VIII. Arrange the synonyms in pairs:
space, ability, must, nearby, extremely, drag out, enter, instance, hazard, type,
attainment, die out, remove, technique, suitable, sustain, commonly, reduce, underline, extinguishment
method, usually, support, move away, wreck, example, near, go in, extinction, area, danger, have to, capacity, wreck, pull out, proper, stress, lower, kind, extraordinarily
IX. Match the antonyms:
die out, practical, possible, in front of, reduce, above, warm, ability, effective, dry, directly, rapid, high,suitable, good, certain, presence, difficult
below, disability, easy, widen, wet, ineffective, indirectly, impractical, catch fire, cool, low, bad, uncertain, absence, impossible, behind, slow, unsuitable
X. Read and translate the noun groups:
fire tetrahedron, chain reaction, heat production, firefighting technique, fuel removal, fire break, forest fire, oxygen level, gas fire, water spray, gas escaping, heat shields, fire extinction, minimum temperature
XI. Choose the suitable word and translate the sentences:
1. The method used to put out a fire... upon its nature
depend - dependence - dependent
2. Class "D" combustibles are... difficult to extinguish
extreme - extremely - extremist
3. The fire -fighting... is influenced greatly by the fire equipment
effect - effective - effectiveness
4. Dry chemicals are... for small fires
use - used- user - useful
5. Water spray... some of the toxic gases
absorb - absorbing – absorption
XII. Read and translate the text "Fire Extinguishment"
XIII. Fill in the blanks with one of the following words:
gas, absorber, extinguishing, a fire, the fuel, essential, chemicals, destroying, foam, extremely, combustible, certain, explosion, present
1. A fire can be extinguished by... the fire tetrahedron.
2. One way to remove... from the fire is to drag it physically away.
3.... can be extinguished by removing its oxygen.
4. The most commonly used method of... fire is to remove the heat.
5. Cooling the material will stop the formation of... vapours.
6. Water is a very effective heat...
7. The extinguishing agents used to attack chain reactions are dry...
8. The attack is... rapid.
9. In the case of paint extinguishment..must be used.
10... can be extinguished with dry chemicals.
11. Carbon dioxide can extinguish... gas fires.
12. Fires involving most metals... a problem to firefighters.
13. A violent reaction with water may result in...
14. So, three factors are... for combustion.
XIV. Match the nouns from the right column with the adjectives from the left column in accordance with the text:
confined heat
violent system
automatic headings
impractical types
gaseous shields
radiant agents
nearby hazard
following chemicals
good space
combustible technique
dry minimum
certain reaction
different fires
metallic area
molecule fuels
effective vapours
open structure
XV. Put general questions to the following sentences:
1. A fire can be extinguished by destroying the fire tetrahedron.
2. In a confined space carbon dioxide enters the space.
3. The percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere is reduced below 16%.
4. Cooling the material will stop the formation of combustible vapours.
5. Water is a very effective heat absorber.
6. Carbon dioxide may extinguish certain gas fires.
7. Dry chemicals and water spray offer good heat shields from the radiant heat.
XVI. Choose the proper variant:
1. One way to remove the fuel from the fire is
a) to drag it physically away
b) to break the fuel in parts
2. The method of extinguishment by removing oxygen is difficult to use in
a) a confined space
b) open area
3. Cooling the material will
a) stop the formation of combustible vapours
b) not destroy the ability of the fire to sustain itself
4. Once a chain reaction is broken, a fire
a) will not be extinguished yet
b) can be extinguished rapidly
5. To extinguish liquid paint
a) foam must be used
b) water must be used
6. Gas fires can be extinguished with
a) sand, graphite and so on
b) dry chemicals
7. Fires involving most metals present
a) an extinguishment problem
b) easy type of fires
XVII. Answer the following questions:
1. When will fire die out?
2. How is it possible to remove fuels from the fire?
3. What method of extinguishment is difficult to use in an open area?
4. What is the most commonly used method of fire extinction?
5. How do dry chemicals attack the fire?
6. When must foam be used?
7. How can gas fires be extinguished?
8. What fires present an extinguishment problem to firefighters?
9. What extinguishing agents are applied to metallic fires?
10. What three factors are essential to combustion?
11. What headings may fire extinction be classified under?
XVIII. Find in the text the sentences describing:
1. the necessity of destroying the fire tetrahedron
2. removing the fuel
3. removing the oxygen
4. removing the heat
5. breaking the chain reaction
6. extinguishment of paints
7. extinguishment of gas fire
8. extinguishment of metals
9. three factors essential to combustion
10. classification of fire extinction methods
XIX. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
цепная реакция, пар, тушить пожар, в большинстве случаев, однако, топливо, поблизости, удаление топлива, пролом, лесной пожар, уровень кислорода, лишать, открытое пространство, двуокись углерода, ограниченное пространство, процентное содержание, удаление теплоты, охлаждение, горючие пары, чрезвычайно, через 50 -60 миллисекунд, тлеющий, краски, подходящий, в этом случае, суровый, сухие химикалии, часто, бурная реакция, взрыв, в заключение, следует подчеркнуть, существенный, а именно, вещество, достижение, поддержка, минимальная температура, ограничение кислорода
XX. Learn and retell the microtext:
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