Vocabulary notes. 1. LOOK v1. (vi) to turn your eyes towards sth, so that you can see it: if you look carefully you can see that the painting represents a human figure. | (+at):

1. LOOK v 1.(vi) to turn your eyes towards sth, so that you can see it: If you look carefully you can see that the painting represents a human figure. | (+ at): ‘It’s time we left,’ Ian said, looking at his watch. | (+ away/over/down/through etc): Dad looked up from his paper and smiled. | look + adv. look carefully/closely/intently/questioningly/doubtfully/anxiously/enviously/disapprovingly 2. (vi) to try to find sth: I looked everywhere but Jimmy was nowhere to be found. |(+ for): Could you help me look for my contact lens? 3. (link v) seem: From the way things look at the moment, the Republicans are unlikely to win this election. | look good/bad etc: The future is looking good. | it looks as if/as though/like (=it seems likely that): It looks as if it might rain later. | to look a fool/an idiot etc 4.(link v) to have a particular appearance: He looked about thirty.| look tired/happy/sad etc | look a million dollars 5. to look sb up and down to look at someone carefully from their head to their feet, as if you were forming an opinion about them 6. look sb in the eye inf to look at someone when you speaking to them, especially to show that you are not afraid of them 7. look before you leap used to say that it is sensible to think about possible dangers or difficulties of sth before doing it

Phrasal verb	Definiton	Examples
look after yourself spoken BrE	used when you are saying goodbye to someone in a friendly way	See you later! Look after yourself!
look ahead	to plan for the future	If you want to make a success of your life, you have to learn to look ahead.
look around/round(for) BrE	to try to find sth	Jason’s going to start looking around for a new job.
look down on / look down your nose at sb/sth inf	to think you are better than someone else, for example that you are more successful	He looked down on anyone who hasn’t had a college education.
look on sb / sth = look upon	to watch while others take part	He pushed me to the door and Jack looked on as though nothing were happening.
look out	to take care; (for) to keep watching in order to see	I'll look out some curtains for your new house.
look up to sb	to admire or respect sb	I’ve always looked up to Bill for his courage and determination.

LOOK n. (C. usu sing) 1.an act of looking at sth: have/take a look (at sb/sth): Take a good look at the photo and see if you recognize anyone in it. | adj. + look: a brief/ careful/ close/ nostalgic /critical/ realistic/ serious/ humorous /fresh look 2. an expression that you make with your eyes or face: Mark gave me such a severe look I didn’t dare to argue. | adj .+ look: a(n) angry/ dirty/ furious/ scornful/ frosty/ doubtful/ worried/ puzzled/ triumphant/ loving/ hungry look 3. (sing) an act of examining sth and thinking about it: have/take a look (at sb/sth): It’s time to take a fresh look at the problem of low pay. 4. the appearance that someone or sth has: It’s getting dark and I don’t like the look of those rain clouds. 5.(plural) looks, physical attractiveness: Fiona’s got everything – looks, money and youth. | the Bohemian/ethnic/1960s etc look: | Her long straight hair and dark eye make-up give her a sort of late-sixties look.

LOOKALIKE n. (C). infml someone who is very similar in appearance to another person, especially a famous one: a Madonna lookalike

LOOKER-ON n. (C). someone who watches sth happening without being involved in it: onlooker

LOOK-OUT n. 1 (S) the act of keeping watch to keep a lookout for: When you’re driving, keep a sharp lookout (=watch extra attentively) for cyclists 2)(v phr) to be on the lookout for sb/sth: to continuously watch a place or pay attention in order to find sth you want or to be ready for problems or opportunities: We’re always on lookout for new business opportunities.

2. GET v got; got Br E; gotten Am E; present participle getting 1 .(v t not in passive ) receive sth that someone gives you or sends you: We get a lot of junk mail. 2 .(vt)obtain sth by finding it, asking for it, or paying for it: It would be a good idea to get professional advice. 3. (vt) bring someone or sth back from somewhere: I went back into the office to get a pen. 4 .(vt): a) buy sth: Where did you get that jacket? b) spoken pay for sth for someone else: I'll get these drinks. 5.(vt ) start to have a feeling or an idea: She began to get an uncomfortable feeling that she was being watched. 6 .(vt) have, do, or experience sth: We might get the chance to go to America this year. | get pleasure from/out of sth: She gets a lot of pleasure from her garden.| get rid of sth: When they broke up he got rid of everything of hers. 7. (vt not in the passive ) catch an illness: I got flu last winter and was in bed for three weeks. 8.(vt) achieve sth: I got 98% in my last maths test. 9.(vt ) receive a punishmen t He got ten years in prison for his part in the robbery. 10.(vi always + adv/prep) arrive: We didn't get home until midnight. 11 (i always +adv\prep) to move or go somewhere (+ out of\ over\into etc): Get out of my room! | to get on \off the bus. 12.(link v ) become Don't get upset. | She soon got bored with the job. 13.(vt) make sb/ sth become sth Sometimes she gets me so angry! | Don't get the children too excited. 14.(link v t) be hurt/broken etc: used to say that sth, especially sth bad, happens to someone or sth: get hurt/broken/stolen etc: Mind the camera doesn't get broken.| My dad got killed in a car crash.

Phrasal verb	Meaning	Examples
get (sth) across (to)	to (cause to) be understood or accepted, especially by a large group	It is important that we get this message across to voters.
get ahead	to be successful and do better than other people in a job or work	She soon found that it wasn't easy to get ahead in the movie business.
get along (with/without)	1. to have a friendly relationship 2. to deal with a job or situation or to make progress, often in spite of difficulties	We've always got along quite well. Don't worry, we'll get along without you.
get away with	to do sth wrong without being caught	The robbers got away with several thousand pounds.
get behind	to fail to do sth by a certain time	I’ve got terribly behind my work.
get by	to manage financially	We couldn’t get by on my salary alone.
get down to	to begin to give some serious attention to	It’s time we got down to some work.
get off	to make or have a start ot the stated type	The meeting got off to a good start with JR’s speech
get on	1.to manage 2. to advance, develop	However will we get on without you? Jo is getting on very well at school now
get over	to recover from	She’s getting over a bad attack of flue.
get round	to spread	The news soon got round the village.
get through	1. come to a successful end; 2. to reach someone, especially by telephone	I’m glad she got through all her exams. Aid agencies were unable to get through to the refugees stranded on the border.

GET-TOGETHER n (C) a friendly informal meeting or party: I’m organizing a little get-together. I hope you can come.

3.SLIP v. – pp - 1 (vi) to slide a short distance accidentally, and fall or lose your balance slightly: Wright slipped but managed to keep hold of the ball.| He slipped on the ice. 2. (vi always + adv/prep) to go somewhere, without attracting other people's attention: Ben slipped quietly out of the room. 3. put sth somewhere (vt always + adv/prep) quietly or smoothly: Ann slipped the book into her bag. 4. (vt) give sth to sb secretly or without attracting much attention I slipped him a ten-dollar bill to keep quiet. 5. (vi always + adv/prep)if time slips away, past etc it passes quickly: The search for the missing child continued, but time was slipping away. 6.to escape from one's memory, attention: I meant to buy some milk, but it completely slipped my mind. 7. let sth slip to say sth without meaning to, when you wanted it to be a secret: He let it slip that they were planning to get married. 8. let sth slip (through your fingers) to not take an opportunity, offer etc: Don't let a chance like that slip through your fingers! Synonyms: slide, slip, glide suggest movement over a smooth surface. Slide suggests a rather brief movement of one surface over another in contact with it: to slide downhill. Glide suggests a continuous, smooth, easy and usually noiseless motion: A skater glides over the ice. Slip is to slide smoothly, often in a sudden or accidental way: to slip on the ice and fall.

Phrasal verb	Meaning	Examples
slip away	to leave secretly	When everyone was busy talking I slipped away to join Beth for a quiet drink.
slip into	1. = slip on to put clothes on quickly; 2. to slip into sleep \unconsciousness to gradually fall asleep, become unconscious	Wait, I'll slip into something more comfortable. | Slip on this jacket and see if it fits.| He managed to say a few words before slipping into unconsciousness again.
slip out	if sth slips out, you say it without really meaning to do it	I didn't mean to tell them your secret – it just slipped out.
slip out of	to take off clothes quickly	Just give me a minute to slip out of these wet clothes.
slip up	to make a careless mistake, esp so that you lose some advantage, or spoil a chance that you had	Those people were just waiting for me to slip up, to show signs of weakness or stupidity. |You slipped up a bit on that question.

SLIP n. (C)1. an act of slipping or sliding 2. a small mistake: a little/slight/tiny/unfortunate/Freudian slip | Molly knew she could not afford to make a single slip. | a slip of the tongue/pen: a small mistake you make when you are speaking or writing, especially by using the wrong word: When Jones said exports were rising he meant ‘imports’ – an understandable slip of the tongue.

SLIP-UP n., (C) a careless mistake that may spoil a plan or process, or sth you want to achieve: This whole situation only happened because of a slip-up by the bank.

SLIPPERY adj. smooth or wet, and difficult to stand on without slipping: tobe/ look/ become/ get slippery | extremely/ very/ a bit slippery| The floor has just been polished – it may be slippery.

4. SPOT v. (T) –tt - (t) 1. notice someone or sth, esp when they are difficult to see or recognize: to spot quickly/easily/suddenly/eventually | I spotted a police car behind us. | It can be hard for even a trained doctor to spot the symptoms of lung cancer. | spot sb doing sth;. Meg spotted someone coming out of the building. | be difficult/easy to spot: Drug addicts are fairly easy to spot. | well spotted: ‘There’s a parking space over the far side.’ ‘Well spotted!’. 2. recognize the good or bad qualities in a person or thing: to spot sb’s potential An effective teacher can spot the child’s potential. 3(with) usually passive ) to mark with small round marks: The windscreen was spotted with rain.

SPOT n. (C) 1. a particular place, area: an exact/ particular/ precise/ convenient/ ideal/ remote spot | Take the time to find the right spot to pitch your tent. | The lake is one the local beauty spots.| a sore spot fig. sth that is difficult for someone to talk about or deal with: Money has always been a sore spot in our relationship. | to be frozen/rooted/glued to the spot unable to move, usually because you are afraid: He stood rooted to the spot, unable to move. | on the spot 1. in the exact place where sth is happening We’ll have a police officer on the spot immediately. 2. immediately Any workers having broken these rules will be sacked on the spot. 2. a small mark on sth, especially mady by some liquid: a spot of ink//blood etc paint/oil etc spots | The letter was covered in small ink spots, as though his hand had been shaking as he wrote it. | not change your spots inf to have the same qualities, opinions, or intentions you have always had, even when you claim you have changed 3. a small red mark on the skin. The children all had measles, and had broken out in spots.

SPOTLESS adj 1. absolutely clean: We all set to work and within half an hour the whole place was spotless 2. unblemished: a spotless working record - spotlessly adv. - spotlessness n.(U)

SPOTLIGHT n (C) – 1. a concentrated circle of light that can be directed onto a small area, espof a theatre stage 2. (the) public attention: in the spotlight a situation in which you get a lot of public attention | to be in/under the spotlight/limelight to receive a lot of attention in the newspapers, on television etc, but usually only for a short period of time: In her dreams she was back in the spotlight, surrounded by her faithful fans. | out of the spotlight She’s enjoying the life out of the spotlight.

5. TAKE v. 1. (vt) to move or go with someone or sth from one place to another take sb / sth to/into etc sth: Barney took us to the airport. | Would you mind taking Susie home? 2. ( vt) used with a noun instead of using a verb to describe an action: Would you like to take a look? | Sara took a deep breath. | take a picture/photograph/photo: Would you mind taking a photo of us together? | take sb prisoner: Both boys weretaken prisoner | take one’s leave | take (an) interest in | take pride in 3. ( vt) to remove sth from a place: take sth off/from etc sth: Take your feet off the seats.|Someone's taken a pen from my desk 4. (vt/i) to need (about a stated amount of time): Organizing a successful street party takes a lot of energy. | take (sb) sth (to do sth): Repairs take time to carry out. | It took a few minutes for his eyes to adjust to the dark. | take (sb) ages/forever inf: It took me ages to find a present for Dad. | take courage/guts: It takes courage to admit you are wrong. 4. ( vt) to accept or choose sth that is offered, suggested, or given to you: Are you going to take the job? | Liz found his criticisms hard to take.| I take your point/point taken (=used to say that you accept someone's opinion) | take somebody's word for it/take it from sb (=accept that what someone says is true): That's the truth - take it from me. take the credit/blame/responsibility: He's the kind of man who makes things happen but lets others take the credit. | take sth for granted 5. (vt) to get hold of sth in your hands: Can you take this package while I get my wallet? 6. (vt) to use a particular form of transport or a particular road in order to go somewhere: I took the first plane out. 7. (vt) to study a particular subject in school or college for an examination: Are you taking French next year? 8. (vt) to do an examination or test (= sit Br E): Applicants are asked to take a written test. 9. (vt)(not in progressive or passive): to be the correct or suitable size, type etc for a particular person or thing: What size shoe do you take?| The elevator takes a maximum of 32 people. 10. (vt/i) ( always + adv/prep) to react to someone or sth or consider them in a particular way: take sb / sthseriously/badly/personally etc: I was joking, but he took me seriously. | Ben took the news very badly. | take sthas sth: I'll take that remark as a compliment. | take sthas evidence/proof (of sth): The presence of dust clouds has been taken as evidence of recent star formation. | take sb / sthto be sth: I took her to be his daughter. | take sb/sth for sth: What do you take me for? 11. (t usu + adv): to have or experience a particular feeling: take delight/pleasure/pride etc in (doing) sth. You should take pride in your work. | At first, he took no interest in the baby.| take pity on sb She stood feeling lost until an elderly man took pity on her. | take offence feel offended: Don't take offence. Roger says things like that to everybody. 12. (vt) eat, drink do you take sugar/milk? spoken Br E used to ask someone whether they like to have sugar or milk in a drink such as tea or coffee 13. take sth to bits/pieces Br E to separate sth into its different parts: how to take an engine to bits 14. be taken ill/sick frml to suddenly become ill 15. take your breath away to be very beautiful, exciting, or surprising.

Phrasal verb	Definition	Examples
be taken aback	to be very surprised	Emma was somewhat taken aback by his directness.
take after sb	to resemble in appearance or character	Jennie really takes after her mother.
take sb / sth apart	1. to separate (a small clock, etc.) into pieces: 2. to criticize or defeat them severely	Tom’s latest book has been taken apart by the newspapers.
take against sb / sth	to begin to dislike immediately, esp without a good reason:	Voters took against the relationship between the government and the unions in the 1970s.
to take away	to buy cooked food from a restaurant and take it outside to eat it somewhere else	Fish and chips to take away, please.
take sth down	1.to separate (a large machine, etc.) into pieces, especially to repair or move it 2.to write down information	The platform was taken down for safety reasons. | The secretary began to take down the message.
take sb / sth in	1.to be completely deceived by someone who lies to you; 2.to let someone stay in your house because they have nowhere else to stay; 3.to understand and remember new facts and information (= absorb); 4.to make a piece of clothing fit you by making it narrower	Don't be taken in by products claiming to help you lose weight in a week.| Brett's always taking in stray animals | He watches the older kids, just taking it all in. | The customer asked to take in the waist.
take off	1.remove; 2.if an aircraft takes off, it rises into the air from the ground; 3.to suddenly start being successful	He sat on the bed to take his boots off. | I felt excited as the plane took off from Heathrow.| She became jealous when my career started taking off.
take over	to take control of sth; takeover – an act of assuming control (esp of a business or company)	His only reason for investing in the company was to take it over.
take to sb / sth	1.to start to like someone or sth; 2.to start doing sth regularly	Sandra took to it straight away. | Dee's taken to jogging.
take up	1.to become interested in a new activity and to spend time doing it; 2.to start a new job or have a new responsibility; 3.to fill a particular amount of time or space; 4.to continue a story or activity that you or someone else have begun, after a short break.	Roger took painting up for a while, but soon lost interest. | Peter will take up the management of the finance department. | The little time I had outside of school was taken up with work. | I'll take up the story where you left off.

6 PASS v. 1. (vi,t) to go past sth: Pass right along, please! 2. to move, go: a) (vi always + adv\prep) to go in a particular direction or to a particular place: (+ from\into\through) I saw him arrive, passing through the gate into the yard. b) (vt always + adv\prep) to put sth around, through, or across sth else: pass sth around\across\along | He passed the rope carefully around the post. 3. (vt) to hold sth in your hand and give it to sb else: Pass the salt, please. | pass sb sth: Kerry passed me the note. | pass sth to sb: Kerry passed the note to me. 4. (vt) to give information or a job to another person so that they can deal with it: I'll pass the information on to our sales department. | They've passed the enquiry over to the police. 5. (vi) if time passes, it goes by: The days passed slowly. 6. (vt) to spend time, life, etc, in a particular way: We passed the winter pleasantly enough. | We played cards to pass the time. 7. (vt) to officially accept a law/bill/act, especially by voting: The government has passed new legislation to protect consumers. 8. (vi, t) to succeed in a test or examination: The examination is so hard that only 10% of the applicants pass. 9. to come to an end: Her depression is temporary – it'll pass soon.

Phrasal verb	Definition	Examples
pass as sb/sth \ pass for sb\sth	to be similar enough to be accepted as the same type of person or thing	His French is so good that he can pass as (for) a Frenchman.
pass sth around	to offer sth to each person in a group	Pass the biscuits around, would you?
pass away	(euphemism) to die	Mau passed away five months ago but his legacy and lessons live on.
pass by	to move past a person, place, vehicle	I was just passing by, so I thought I'd drop in for a chat.
pass sth down	to give or teach sth to people who are younger than you or live after you.	The tradition has been passed down from father to son for generations.
pass out	to become unconscious	I nearly passed out when I saw the blood.
pass sth up	to not make use of a chance to do sth	I don't think you should pass up the opportunity to go to university

PASS n. 1. an official document that allows you to enter a place: a library pass | a security pass 2. a successful result in an examination or test: Well, Maurice got a bare bass, you know.

7. TOUGH adj. 1. difficult to do or deal with, opposite easy: The reporters were asking a lot of tough questions. | have a tough time (of it) to face a lot of difficult problems: The family has had a tough time of it these last few months. | It's tough doing sth:. It's tough being married to a cop. | be tough on sb to cause problems for someone or make their life difficult:. Having to stay indoors all day is tough on a kid. 2. physically or emotionally strong and able to deal with difficult situations: The men who work on the oil rigs are a tough bunch. | as tough as nails/ as tough as old boots very tough: He's as tough as nails - a good man to have on the team. 3. be very strict or firm: The EU is taking a tough line with the UK over this issue. | be tough on treat someone very strictly My mother was very tough on my sister 4. difficult to cut or eat opposite tender (about food): The meat was tough and hard to chew. | the tough outer leaves of the cabbage. 5. tough luck! (spoken) a) used when you do not have any sympathy for sb's problems: Well, that's just their tough luck! It was their mistake. b) Br.E. used when you feel sympathy about sth bad that has happened to sb: You didn't get the job? Oh, tough luck!

TOUGH v. tough it out to deal with a difficult situation by being determined, rather than leaving or changing your decision: She told herself to be brave and tough it out.

8. FORCE n. 1. (U) physical strength or violence used to get what you want: The force of the wind brought down a great many trees in the area. | by force Disputes were often settled by force of arms in those times. 2. (U) the influence or power that someone or sth has: He was a powerful force in French politics during the war years. | driving force the most important influence: Consumer spending was the driving force behind the economic growth that winter. 3. (C) a group of people trained to do military or police work: The British forces will be withdrawn out of that troubled area. 4. by\from\through force of habit without thinking, because one has always done the same thing in the past

FORCE v. (vt) 1. to make sb do sth they don’t want to do: force sb to do sth Due to the high cost of borrowing, many companies have been forced to close. force sb\sth (into) doing sth Poor health forced him into taking early retirement. 2. to make sb or sth move in a particular direction or into a different position, especially through or using great strength: Westerly gales forced the ship off course. | force sth into\through\out of sth 3. to push very hard in order to get somewhere: force your way in\out\ through Justin had to force his way through the crowd. Demonstrators forced their way past. 4. to make sth happen or change, especially more quickly than planned or expected. Those unfortunate events forced his resignation. | force the pace We need to force the pace on alternative energy policies. | force sb's hand They're reluctant to sell the house yet but the right offer could force their hand.| force the issue to do sth that makes it necessary for sb to make decisions or take action, instead of waiting to see what happens: Polly decided to force the issue by demanding an explanation. 5. to open a door, window etc using physical strength, often causing damage: I forced the lock on the cupboard to see what was inside. | force open She tried to keep the door shut but the man forced it open.

Phrasal verb	Definition	Examples
force sth back	to stop yourself from showing that you are upset or frightened, especially with difficulty	Janet forced back her tears
force sth on/upon sb	to make sb do or accept sth even though they do not want to	It's no good trying to force a diet on someone.
force sth out of sb	to make sb tell you sth by asking them many times, threatening them	I wasn't going to tell Kevin but he forced it out of me.

FORCED adj. 1. not natural or sincere: 'Oh, hello,' said Martin, with forced brightness. 2. [only before noun] done suddenly and quickly because the situation makes it necessary, not because it was planned or wanted: The plane had to make a forced landing in a field.

9. GRIN v. (vi) - nn - to smile widely: He continued to tease his younger brother, grinning wickedly. | (+ at) She grinned at me, her eyes sparkling. | (+ with) grinning with delight | grin broadly/widely: He walked out of the pool, grinning widely. | grin from ear to ear to grin very widely: "We've had a great response", he said grinning from ear to ear.

GRIN n. [C]– a wide smile: He came into the room with a friendly grin on his face. | a wide/ broad/ big grin. 'Of course,' he agreed with a wide grin. | wipe the grin off somebody's face ( inf) to make sb feel less happy or confident, especially sb who is annoying because they think they are clever: Tell him how much it'll cost - that should wipe the grin off his face! \ to give sb a grin to grin at them: William gave her a friendly grin as he walked past. Synonyms: smile the look on your face when you make your mouth curve upwards to show that you are happy, friendly, amused etc.: Johnny's broad smile changed slowly to a frown. | smirk an unpleasant, satisfied smile, e.g. when you are pleased about someone else's bad luck or when you think you know sth that they do not know: Penny's lips curved in a superior smirk as he rushed from the room. | leer an unpleasant or threatening smile, showing an unwelcome sexual interest in sb: The look on my cousin's face changed from its usual cocky leer to one of complete bewilderment. | sneer an unpleasant, offensive smile, that shows that you think that sb is stupid or that you are better than them: "And what's your name?" he demanded, his lip curling into a sneer.

10. EYE n 1. one of the two body parts with which we see: His eyes slowly became accustomed to the dark. 2. have\keep an eye on to watch carefully: Cook asked me to keep an eye on the meat while she was away. 3. catch sb’s eye 1) to attract sb's attention and make them look at sth: I glanced up under my eyebrows and caught Agrippa's eye. 2) to look at sb at the same moment that they are looking at you: But what really catches our eyes is the airplane wreckage higher up on the hill. | cannot take your eyes off sb\ sth to be unable to stop looking at sb or sth that is interesting, attractive, etc. It was so interesting that I couldn’t take (keep) my eyes off it. | run one’s eye over (through) to glance at, examine quickly: He quickly ran his eyes over the page. 4. see eye to eye with a person to see sth in the same way, agree entirely with: The boss and I do not always see eye to eye on that subject. 5. make eyes at (a person) to look lovingly at: She was making eyes at Paul all evening. 6. have an eye for to be able to see well or quickly what is attractive, valuable, etc: Designers should have an eye for detail. 7. with an eye to with a view to, hoping for: Jacob intended to make a deal in Boston with an eye to transatlantic business. 8. open a person’s eyes to sth to bring it to his notice: The letter finally opened my eyes to their relations. 9. close\ shut one’s eyes to to refuse to see: She couldn't close her eyes to the truth – she had cancer. 10. roll eyes at to move your eyes around and up, esp. in order to show that you are annoyed: Noting the irony, Johnson just shook her head and rolled her eyes. 11. the apple of one’s eye thing or a person dearly loved: to cherish like the apple of one's eye.

EYE v (vt) to watch carefully, especially when you do not trust them or because you want sth: I saw a girl eyeing me across the street.

EYE-OPENER n. an event, situation from which one learns sth surprising or new: I knew she was clever but it was quite an eye-opener to listen to her giving a speech.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-31