Find more in a dictionary and learn them.

9. Choose the appropriate English equivalents:

известный —1. knew; 2. known; 3. know

показанный—1. show; 2. showed; 3. shown

увиденный— 1. see; 2. seen; 3. saw

помещенный — 1. place; 2. placing; 3. placed

изолированный— 1. insulate; 2. insulated; 3. insulating

данный — 1. give; 2. given; З. gave

взятый— 1. take; 2. took; 3. taken

названный — 1. called; 2. calling; 3. call

использованный — 1. using; 2. use; 3. used

10. Choose the appropriate Russian equivalents to Participles II:

A. 1. compared; 2. defined; 3. shown; 4. obtained; 5. decreased; 6. described; 7. called

1. показанный; 2. полученный; 3. описанный; 4. срав­ниваемый; 5. названный; 6.уменьшенный; 7. определенный

B. 1. increased; 2. placed; 3. taken; 4. known; 5. am­plified; 6. given; 7. switched on

1. помещенный; 2. известный; 3. данный; 4. включен­ный; 5. увеличенный; 6. усиленный; 7. взятый

11. Do not translate! Define where the subject is the doer of the action.

1. a) The grid controls the flow of electrons. – b) The grid is placed between the cathode and anode.

2. a) A large negative voltage is applied to the grid. – b) We do not apply a large positive voltage to the grid.

3. a) Transistors are used in this function. - b) We use transistors for amplification.

4. a) New devices are being installed here at the moment. - b) They are installing new devices here now.

5. a) The charged particles inside the material can be set in motion. - b) We can set the charged particles inside the material in motion.

6. a) Physicists classify materials according to their electrical properties. – b) Materials can be classified according to their electrical properties.

7. a) Classification is based on the ability of a material to conduct electricity. - b) We base our classification on the number of charged particles.

8. a) Metals, for example, having many free electrons, can readily conduct current at room temperature. – b) Look at this device! Current is being conducted.

How does the use of the Passive Voice depend on the doer of the action?

Translate paying attention to the Passive Voice.

1. Materials can be classified according to their electrical properties. 2. This method is based on the ability of a mate­rial to conduct electricity. 3. What materials are called conductors? 4. The materials that have very few or no free elec­trons are called insulators. 5. Electronics is defined in an English dictionary as "the study of conduction of electricity in a vacuum, in gases and in semiconductors". 6. When the cathode is heated, it emits electrons. 7. The electrons are repelled toward the plate by the negative voltage on the cath­ode. 8. If a negative voltage is applied to the plate, current does not flow.

13. Make up sentences from the following words. Put A in the Present Simple Passive, B – in the Present Continuous Passive.

A.

1. the/electrons/not/ attract/by/the/negative/voltage/on/the/ plate.

2. materials/classify/according/to/their/chemical/properties.

3. particles/can/sit/in/motion?

4. not/on/it/ability/of/electricity/a/material/the/to/conduct/base/.

5. flow/by/electrons/the/control/a/of/grid.

6. use/as/grids/amplifiers?

7. the/between/grid/place/the/cathode/and/the/plate.

8. not/such/call/semiconductors/materials.

9. the/more/the/better/you/will/words/translate/from/English/know/into/Russian.

10. the/of/how/electrons/control/flow?

11. nowadays/the/losses/of/lighting/power/compensate/by/a/mirror/reflector.

12. conductors/materials/what/call?

B.

1. the/cathode/heat/by/the/heater.

2. the/current/make/to/flow/through/the/tube.

3. by/electrons/emit/cathode/the.

4. plate/the/current/decrease.

5. repel/the/toward/electrons/the/plate.

6. define/by/electronics/the/physicist.

7. to/voltage/a/negative/apply/the/plate.

8. of/electrons/the/describe/by/the/flow/student.

9. of/fundamentals/electronics/the/discuss.

10. semiconductors,/and,/and/insulators/consider/now/conductors.

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