THEME FOR ESSAY’S WORK.

THEME 1. Introduction to Philosophy.

What does philosophy discover? (the subject discovers essence of human being (or life) and destination of the human). Philosophy as an attempt to come to a systematic understanding of the world through the use of reason and logic. Philosophy as humanitarian discipline (it learns students to develop their thinking and speech).

THEME 2. The Ancient Philosophy of East.

What is the meaning of ancient Indian philosophy? What is the differences between Chinese and Indian philosophy? Confucianism as moral – ethical system of Chinese philosophy. Buddhism as religion and philosophical system. Development of religions in Ancient India.

THEME 3. The Ancient West Philosophy.

Heraclitus of Ephesus Heraclitus is an example of the Pre-Socratic philosopher. Parmenides and the other Eleatic philosophers. Leucippus, Democritus and the other Atomists. Protagoras and the Sophists. Empedocles. The schools of Hellenistic period: Cynicism, Hedonism, Eclecticism, Neo-Platonism, Skepticism, Stoicism, Epicureanism.

THEME 4. The Medieval Philosophy.

Rationalism, nominalism, peripatetism. Philosophy and religion in Middle ages. Advocators of God’s existence. Peripatetic debates of the 12th and 13th century. Nominalist and Voluntarist conflicts of the 14th and 15^th. Albertus Magnus and Thomas Aquinas philosophies. Pepresentatives of Arabian philosophy.

THEME 5. Philosophy of Renaissance period

The emergence and growth of humanism. Major changes in art, music, literature and religion. Development of art, music, literature. Anthropologism, humanism and philosophy of nature. Popularity of archeology and discovery of ancient Roman and Greek constructions. Works of Renaissance philosophers. Assimilation of Platonic philosophy into Christianity by means of translation and interpretation.

THEME 6. Enlightenment philosophy.

A human being as a part of the whole limited in time and space. Enlightenment philosophy is a period marked by significant changes. Montesquieu, J. J. Rousseau, Voltaire, Diderot are the representatives of Enlightenment. The problem of matter and the universe. Economic, social, intellectual and cultural developments in this period.

THEME 7. German philosophy XVIII – XIX centuries.

Hegel as one of the greatest characters of German philosophy. The light of reality within the darkness of abstraction. ‘Critique of Pure Reason’ and ‘The Metaphysics of Ethics’ of I. Kant. Dialectical reasoning in the process of thinking. Transcendental philosophy of I. Kant.

THEME 8 Kazakh national philosophy.

Ancient nomadic culture of Kazakhstan. Islam as religion and philosophy. “Alashorda” movement. Outstanding Arabian thinkers. National folklore in modern Kazakhstan. Contemporary social, political and philosophical doctrines.

THEME 9 The nineteenth century philosophy.

The famous nineteenth century philosophers. Saint-Simonian movement in France and Hegelianism in Germany. The predominant motives of Kierkegaard's thought. Nietzsche’s "trans-valuations of values." The influence of Hegelian movements. The peculiarities of the nineteenth century philosophy.

THEME 10 Contemporary philosophy.

Directions and schooles in philosophy of XX century. Lingvistic revolution in contemporary philosophy. Postmodernism in modern culture. Postpositivism and poststructuralism. Spiritual values in contemporary philosophy. Science and philosophy. Ananachronic conception of science. Standard scientific methods of investigation.

THEME 11 Social philosophy.

Philosophical structuralism and social philosophy. The system of spiritual values. The system of philosophical concepts as a methodological tool. Humanization of man and society. Most common foundations of contemporary social philosophy. The methodological role of principles of the contemporary social philosophy.

THEME 12 Philosophy of science.

The implications of quantum mechanics for our understanding of causality. The main issues of the philosophy of science. Experimentation, logical deduction, and rational thought as instruments of philosophy.. Coherentism, skepticism and foundationalism.

THEME 13 Ontology.

The aims, tasks and problems of ontology. Noteworthy distinction between descriptive metaphysics and revisionist metaphysics. The opposition between descriptive and revisionist metaphysics. The questions on being throw the history of philosophy.

THEME 14 Problems of human in philosophy.

Self-consciousness as being "non-positional". Role of Self-consciousness in behaviour of people. Self. Shyness or introvertism as philosophical and psychological problem of Human. Self-consciousness as a critical mystery in ancient philosophy, psychology, biology, and artificial intellegence.

PROGRAMME (EXAMINATION) QUESTIONS.

1. When did philosophy begin?

2. Where did philosophy begin?

3. The first "scientists" in Ancient Greece.

4.. Philosophy as the form of human spiritual activity.

5. What does philosophy involve?

6. The main peculiarity of philosophy.

7. What schools the fundamental question of philosophy connected with?

8. Why does philosophy differ from mythology very much?

9. The notions of mythology.

10. What philosophical school claims that origins of our world is an idea (God, God’s mind, universal intelligence, universal reason or absolute spirit)?

11. What discipline tries to explain that moral principles have an objective foundation?

12. The main function of philosophy?

13 Philosophy as humanitarian discipline its targets.

14. What does philosophy usually use?

15 Materialistic notions.

16. The fundamental question of the human?

17. The scientific methods of cognition.

18. Notion od the culture.

19. Functions of philosophy.

20. Explanation of experiment.

21. Oldest major world religion.

22. Hinduism’s origin.

23. What does moksha mean?

24. Where do many streams of hinduistic thought flow from?

25. What does ahimsa mean?

26. What things are common to all Hindus?

27.Fundamental principles of hinduism.

28. What classical text is Confucianism based on?

29. What was the mainstream ideology in China?

30 Taoism's central books?

31. What does Taoism emphasize?

32. Main principle of Taoism.

33. What does Legalism advocate?

34. What religion claims that morality is not important?

35. Origin of Jainism.

36. Origin of Buddhism

37 Origin of Dukkha.

38. Where does the word Jaina come from?

39. Wha does Jainism teache?

40. Buddhism asnon-theistic religion:

41.Confucionism.

42. Brahmanism.

43. Notion of Bodhidharma.

44. Describe the Shinto religion.

45. Where do Zen practitioners engage in?

46. Classical (or "early") Greek philosophy.

47.The history of philosophy in the West.

48. What did the pre-Socratic philosophers reject?

49. Early greek philosophers.

50. Ancient greek philosophers.

51. Transcendental idealism.

52. Theorigin of Greek philosophy.

53. Plato and Socrates.

54. Socrat’s most important contribution to Western thought.

55. What philosopher considered that change is the most important fact about the world?

56. What form did Plato write his philosophical dialogues—arguments in?

57Buddhism is a system of beliefs based on…

58. Why by Heraclitus the river where you set your foot just now is gone?

59. Who set the stage for what would eventually develop into the scientific method centuries later in Europe?

60. Most famous pupil of Socrates.

61. The most important works of Aristotle.

62. Aristotle, Democritus

63. Medieval philosophy.

64. German classical philosophy.

65. The period of Greek philosophy?

66. The period of Enlightenment’s philosophy?

67. The period of Renaissance’s philosophy?

68. Whom has “Critique of pure reason” written by?

69. Whom have “ Metaphysics”, (Nicomachean) “ Ethics ”, written by?

70. Neoplatonic philosophy.

71. Nominalism and realism?

72. What period of philosophy are transcedentalism belonged to?

73. What philosophical school followed in the legacy of Thomas Aquinas?

74. What philosophical direction denotes a life which is characterised by refraining from worldly pleasures (austerity)?

75. –What philosophical notion states that the efforts of man to find meaning in the universe will ultimately fail because no such meaning exists (at least in relation to man)?

76. What philosophical notion expreses a condition of being without theistic beliefs and absence of belief in the existence of gods?

77. What philosophical notion claims that our experience is not about the things as they are in themselves, but about are the things as they appear to us?

78. What philosophical view explains that the only thing that can truly be said to 'exist' is matter?

79. Call the theory according which all the objects in the universe are composed of very small, indestructible elements?

80. Call the philosophical notion according which any system of thought which denies the causal nexus and maintains that events succeed one another haphazardly or by chance (not in the mathematical but in the popular sense)?

81. What philosophical direction denies the reality of the universe, seeing it as ultimately illusory, (the preffix "a-" in Greek meaning negation; like "un-" in English), and considers the infinite Unmanifest Absolute as real?

82. What philosophical view considers tha truth values of certain claims — particularly theological claims regarding the existence of God, gods, or deities — are unknown, inherently unknowable, or incoherent, and therefore, (some agnostics may go as far to say) irrelevant to life?

83. The philosophical view according which everything is of an all-encompassing immanent God; or that the universe, or nature, and God are equivalent?

84. The form of theism that holds that god contains, but is not identical to, the Universe. So the universe is part of god?

85. What philosophical view also called Homocentrism, is the practice, conscious or otherwise, of regarding the existence and/or concerns of human beings as the central fact of the universe?

86. Form of personification (applying human or animal qualities to inanimate objects) and similar to prosopopoeia (adopting the persona of another person), which is the attribution of human characteristics and qualities to non-human beings, objects, or natural phenomena?

87. What philosophical view claims that reason, rather than revelation or tradition, should be the basis of belief in God?

88. What philosophical doctrine claims that all human knowledge ultimately comes from the senses and from experience?

89. Call the belief in one or more gods or goddesses?

90.What philosophical view contains belief in, or worship of, multiple gods or divinities?

91. The belief that properties, usually called Universals, exist independently of the things that manifest them?

92. What metaphysical and theological viewconsiders that there is only one principle, essence, substance or energy in universe?

93. What philosophical movement views human existence as having a set of underlying themes and characteristics, such as anxiety, dread, freedom, awareness of death, and consciousness of existing, that are primary?

94. What philosophical movement views the area of philosophy of the mind, and distinguishes a position where one believes there to be ultimately many kinds of substances in the world, as opposed to monism and dualism?

95. The philosophical position according which the only authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge.

96. What philosophical direction has been originated in the United States in the late 1800s. and has been characterized by the insistence on consequences, utility and practicality as vital components of meaning and truth?

97. The devotion to a single god while accepting the existence of other gods?

98. The school of philosophy taught by the academics (or schoolmen) of medieval universities circa

99. How have the many various social and political movements, and a significant body of religious and secular literature which based upon the idea of paradise on earth been called?

100. The doctrine according which "vital forces" are active in living organisms, where the life cannot be explained solely by mechanism.

101. The attempt to reconcile disparate, even opposing, beliefs and to meld practices of various schools of thought. It is especially associated with the attempt to merge and analogize several originally discrete traditions, especially in the theology and mythology of religion, and thus assert an underlying unity.

102. The philosophical notion that encompasses both atheism and agnosticism.

103. The apparently paradoxical idea that a proposition or theory cannot be scientific if it does not admit the possibility of being shown false.

104. Philosophical notion according which any justification or knowledge theory in epistemology holds beliefs are justified (known) when they are based on basic beliefs (also called foundational beliefs).

105. In medieval philosophy the belief that properties, usually called Universals, exist independently of the things that manifest them.

106. The typology employed by political scientists to describe modern regimes in which the state regulates nearly every aspect of public and private behavior.

107. An epistemic theory of truth based on the idea that the mind engages in a certain kind of activity: "verifying" a proposition.

108.The various mystical initiatory religions, sects and knowledge schools, which were most prominent in the first few centuries CE.

109. The philosophical view according which the meaning and value of human beliefs and behaviors have no absolute reference.

110. Political theory which argues that one person should hold all power.

111.Enlightenment philosophers.

112. Structuralism’s philosopher.

113. The famous I. Kant’s work.

114. What is Renaissance mean?

115. The famous Kazakh philosopher.

116. In philosophy a rigorous discipline dealing with such concepts as: object, state of affairs, property, genus, species, identity, unity, plurality, number, relation, connection, causation, series, part, whole, dependence, existence, magnitude, boundary, manifold, set, class, etc.

117. Renaissance means has its origins…

118. What school of philosophy attempted to prove God's existence? Many medieval thinkers greatly influenced future philosophers and rationalists who What century did philosophy begin?

119. The Gilson’s book.

120. The Thomas Aquinas’ book.

121. Augustine and Ancelm.

122. Middle Ages associated with…

123. What great changes from the fifteenth century took place affecting public and social spheres of Europe and then the rest of the world?

124. Humanism was a form of …

125. Thomismand atomism

126. Hegelianism

127. Pragmatism

128. Scientism and vitalism

129. Hegel as an idealist

130.Materialism as the philosophical view that the only thing that can truly be said to 'exist' is matter;

131. Verificationism as an epistemic theory of truth based on the idea that the mind engages in a certain kind of activity: "verifying" a proposition.Choose right statement.

132. The age of the Renaissance.

133. What philosophers championed deism.?

134. Who considers that early Greek philosophers do have important things to tell us about the world?

135. The origins of the Enlightenment are closely associated with…

136. Hegelianism – a philosophy developed by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel which can be summed up by a favorite motto by Hegel… "

137. The Enlightenment has been fostered by the …

138. Reason – was the word used the most frequently during the…

139. Who made a great contribution to the Enlightenment with creation of the famous Encyclopedia (Classified Dictionary of Science, Arts and Trades)?

140. The term "German Idealism" refers to a phase of intellectual life that had its origin in the …

141. Whom the conceptual framework of German Idealism was provided by? What century did philosophy begin?

142. Who considered that phenomenal world, is produced a priori by the activity of consciousness?

143. What philosophers considered that phenomenal world takes its rise in the absolute, self-determined will of God?

144. Who interpreted the process of development in a purely idealistic manner as the unconscious opposition of the Absolute to itself?

145. In philosophy devotion to a single god with accepting the existence of other gods.

146.The Moslem holy book.

147. What century of philosophy is determinated by the activities of Sören Kierkegaard, Karl Barth, Friedrich Nietzsche?

148. Who professed himself to be “a follower of Dionysus, the god of life’s exuberance”, and declared that he hoped Dionysus would replace Jesus as the primary cultural standard for future millennia?

149. Who considered that we are all part of a vast single will which is the entire universe, and any sense of individuality is pure illusion?

150. How do we call the idea that two or more moral values may be equally ultimate (true), yet in conflict?

151. Contemporary philosophy.

152. What philosophical theory uses culturally interconnected signs to reconstruct systems of relationships rather than studying isolated, material things in themselves?

153.The philosophers of modern period.

154. Poststructuralism.

155. What philosophical direction refers to the ideology of science as the only legitimate truth and to a conception of social progress as necessary and brought forth by technological development?

156. Who has created the theory of deconstruction?

157 Through the work of what philosophers is philosophy of science emerged as an autonomous discipline?

158. Arabian philosophers.

159. Who was the second teacher after Aristotle?

160. Who was the first teacher of philosophy?

161. Philosophy of Marx, Engels, Lenin.

162. Philosophy of Fichter, Hegel.

163. Subjective idealism.

164. Objective idealism

165. Which of Kazakh philosophers was the great scientist-historian, ethnographer, geographer, economist, traveller?

166. Who singled out three main tasks for metaphysics?

167. How is a group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that advocates that there is an ideal spiritual state is named?

168. What philosophical notion claims that our experience is not about the things as they are in themselves, but about are the things as they appear to us?

169. What philosophical view explains that the only thing that can truly be said to 'exist' is matter?

170. Theory according which all the objects in the universe are composed of very small, indestructible elements?

171.The philosophical notion according which any system of thought which denies the causal nexus and maintains that events succeed one another haphazardly or by chance (not in the mathematical but in the popular sense)?

172. What philosophical direction denies the reality of the universe, seeing it as ultimately illusory, (the preffix "a-" in Greek meaning negation; like "un-" in English), and considers the infinite Unmanifest Absolute as real?

173. What philosophical view considers that truth values of certain claims — particularly theological claims regarding the existence of God, gods, or deities — are unknown, inherently unknowable, or incoherent, and therefore, (some agnostics may go as far to say) irrelevant to life?

174. The attempt to reconcile disparate, even opposing, beliefs and to meld practices of various schools of thought. It is especially associated with the attempt to merge and analogize several originally discrete traditions, especially in the theology and mythology of religion, and thus assert an underlying unity.

175. The philosophical notion that encompasses both atheism and agnosticism.

176. The apparently paradoxical idea that a proposition or theory cannot be scientific if it does not admit the possibility of being shown false.

177. Philosophical notion according which any justification or knowledge theory in epistemology holds beliefs are justified (known) when they are based on basic beliefs (also called foundational beliefs).

178. What school of philosophy attempted to prove God's existence? Many medieval thinkers greatly influenced future philosophers and rationalists who What century did philosophy begin?

179. Gilson’s book.

180. Philosophy of Derrida, Heidegger.

SCHEDULE and CONTENTS of IWS (SSW) implementation:

	Theme	Contents (form) of the task	References on recommended authors	Type of controls	Terms.	Grades.
	Introduction to Philosophy.	Report (Aims of Philosophy. Functions. Fundamental question of philosophy)	1,11	Middle termination	VI
	Ancient Indian philosophy	Report (Indian philosophy: schools, religions, philosophers.)		Middle termination	X
	Ancient Chinese philosophy	Report (Chinese philosophy: schools, religions, philosophers.)	1,11	Current	XI
	The Ancient West Philosophy. Medieval period. Philosophy of Romans	Report (Before classical period: Milet school. Classical period: Plato, Socrate, Arisotel.)	11, 4.	Middle termination	II - VI
	Arabian Philosophy.	Report (Arabian philosophy. Al – Pharaby, Ibn – Cina, Ibn – Rushd.)	1, 12	Middle termination	XI III
	. The philosophy of Western Europe.	Report (Christianity, Medieval thinkers.)		Current	IV
	The specifics of Renaissance philosophy.	Essay – work (Connection of philosophy whith art. The human in the center of univers)		Current	III -VI
	Enlightenment period	Composition. (The problem of matter and the universe. In Enlightenment period)	14, 1	Current
	German classical period.	Report (The principle and object of German philosophy.)	1,11	Current	II - IV
	Contemporary philosophy	Essay - work (Contemporary social, political and philosophical doctrines)		Current	X IV
	Modern western philosophy.	Essay - work (Postmodernism, existentialism, structuralism and poststructuralism)	1,15	Current	VI
	Social philosophy.	Essay – work. (The peculiar feature of social philosophy)		Current	III
	The philosophy of science as the branch of philosophy.	Report (Scientism, Positivism, Philosophy and the science)			XII VI
	Ontology.	Report. (Ontology as a rigorous discipline dealing with such concepts as: object, state of affairs, property etc.)		домашний
	Problem of the human in society and philosophy	Composition (Notion of Self through western and eastern philosophy.)	14,15
		All grades: 268

SCHEDULE and CONTENTS of SSWT implementation:

№	Theme	Contents (form) of the task	References on recommended authors	Type of controls	Terms and hours	Grades.
	Introduction to philosophy.	Essay - work. (The origin of philosophy)	1,11	Middle termination	VI;
	Aincent oriental philosophy.	Essay - work (Specifics of aincent oriental philosophy.Jainism and Brahmanism.)		Middle termination	X;
	Aincent oriental philosophy. (II)	Essay – work. (Spiritual bedrock of the Vedas)	1,11	Current	XI;
	Ancient Greeks.	Composition (Philosophy of Romans)	11, 4.	Middle termination	II – VI;
	Arabian Philosophy.	Composition (Islam philosophy).	1, 12	Middle termination	XI – III;
	. The Ancient West Philosophy.	Report. (Philosophy and science in Aincent Greek philosophy)		Current	IV;
	Renaissance philosophy.	Essay - work (Philosophy of Renaissance)		Current	III –VI;
	Renaissance philosophy. (II)	Composition (Religion and art through the Humanism.)	14, 1	Current	III;
	German classical period.	Report (The truth through the Hegelian philosophy)	1,11	Current	II – IV;
	Modern western philosophy.	Essay - work (Decay of classical philosophy in contemporary period).		Current	X – IV;
	Kazakh national philosophy..	Essay - work (Kazakh philosophy in contemporary period.)	1,15	Current	VI;
	Social philosophy.	Essay - work (Most general issues of social philosophy).		Current	III;
	The philosophy of science	Report (Experimentation, logical deduction, and rational thought as instruments of philosophy).		Current	XII – VI;
	Ontology	Report (Formal ontology and classical ontology..).		Current	XV;
	Problem of the human in society and philosophy	Composition (Spiritual and material values in society)	14,15	Middle termination	XVI;
		All grades: 268

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