Legal rights are, clearly, rights which exist under the rules of legal systems.

They raise a number of different philosophical issues:

1) Whether legal rights are conceptually related to other types of rights, principally moral rights;

2) What the analysis of the concept of a legal right is;

3) What kinds of entities can be legal right-holders;

4) Whether there any kinds of rights which are exclusive to, or at least have much greater importance in, legal systems, as opposed to morality;

5) What rights legal systems ought to create or recognise.

6) Issue is primarily one of moral and political philosophy, and is not different in general principle from the issue of what duties, permissions, powers, etc, legal systems ought to create or recognise.

Different types of rights:

Ø Human rights

Ø Civil rights

Ø Childrens rights

Ø Women rights

Human rights

Ø Human rights are "commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being."

Ø Human rights are thus conceived as universal (applicable everywhere) and egalitarian (the same for everyone).

Ø These rights may exist as natural rights or as legal rights, in both national and international law.

Ø The doctrine of human rights in international practice, within international law, global and regional institutions, in the policies of states and the activities of non-governmental organizations has been a cornerstone of public policy around the world. It has been said that: "if the public discourse of peacetime global society can be said to have a common moral language, it is that of human rights."

During the 19th century some women began to agitate for the right to vote and participate in government and law making

During the 19th century the right to vote was gradually extended in many countries and women started to campaign for their right to vote:

In 1893 New Zealand became the first country to give women the right to vote on a national level.

Australia gave women the right to vote in 1902.

A number of Nordic countries gave women the right to vote in the early 20th century – Finland (1906), Norway (1913), Denmark and Iceland (1915).

With the end of the First World War many other countries followed – the Netherlands (1917), Austria, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Georgia, Poland,and Sweden (1918), Germany and Luxembourg (1919), and the United States (1920).

Spain gave women the right to vote i n 1931, France in 1944, Belgium, Italy, Romania and Yugoslavia in 1946. Switzerland gave women the right to vote in 1971, and Liechtenstein in 1984.

In Latin America some countries gave women the right to vote in the first half of the 20th century – Ecuador (1929), Brazil (1932), El Salvador (1939), Dominican Republic (1942), Guatemala (1956) and Argentina (1946). In India, under colonial rule, universal suffrage was granted in 1935.

Other Asian countries gave women the right to vote in the mid 20th century – Japan (1945), China (1947) and Indonesia (1955). In Africa women generally got the right to vote along with men through universal suffrage – Liberia (1947), Uganda (1958) and Nigeria (1960). In many countries in the Middle East universal suffrage was acquired after the Second World War, although in others, such as Kuwait, suffrage is very limited.

On 16 May 2005, the Parliament of Kuwait extended suffrage to women by a 35–23 vote.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted in 1948, enshrines "the equal rights of men and women", and addressed both the equality and equity issues.

It’s interesting to know:

The associated with notions of women's rights include, though are not limited to, the right:

Ø to bodily integrity and autonomy;

Ø to vote (suffrage);

Ø to hold public office;

Ø to work;

Ø to fair wages or equal pay;

Ø to own property;

Ø to education;

Ø to serve in the military or be conscripted;

Ø to enter into legal contracts; and to have marital, parental and religious rights

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