Ff D Vocabulary. Complete each sentence with a word or phrase from the box.

л - bnomEii (АМН MAX

it

Complete each sentence with a word or phrase from the box.

can't be bothered ■ contracts freelance mobility obsolete region i relocates retrain shipyard tastes

People's................... ш clothes change with

fashion and with then age.

If you.................. to do something, you just

don't feel like doing it.

. When something..................... it gets smaller.

A................... is an area of a country.

When a company.................... to another part

of the country or abroad, many workers lose their jobs.

................ -workers are not employees for a

company, but are self-employed.

If something is.................... it no longer exists

because it isn't needed anymore.

If you lose your |ob due to mechanisation, you

may have to go to college and.................... for

something else.

A................... is where ships are built.

Your.................. is your ability to move from

one place to another.

Reading 2

Unemployment

There will always he a certain amount of unemployment in (lie eeonomv. When economists lalk about/;;// employment they mean that everyone who can work ami wants to work has got a job Able workers who are not working are simply not happy with the salaries thai are offered or just can't be bothered'

However, economies rarely reach full employ niein. There are a number of reasons for this, and a number of different types of unemployment. Dm ofihesi is cyclical unemployment. This type of unemployment varies with the growth and recession cycle of the economy As the economy grows, demand lor labour grows and unemployment falls As the economy contracts, unemployment grows

800 ^w ЧЕЛОЬЕК < БЕЗ РАБОТЬЯ

A second kind of unemployment is structural unemi>l(>ymeni This occurs when changing public tastes or advances in technology cause a fall in demand for some types of work, for example, computer technology has revolutionised the priming industry, and many traditional printers' jobs have become obsolete..Sometimes whole regions of a country suffer from high structural unemployment. The north-east ot Kngland. for example, was famous for many years for its shipbuilding industry Competition Irom abroad forced many shipyards to closc. This caused huge unemployment in the region.

How long structural unemployment lasts will depend on two tilings. Firstly, how easily the workforce ean retrain for new jobs. This may he difficult for older workers who find it hard to learn new skills. There is also the question of who pays for the training. The second issue is mobility. Workers who are able to relocate easily to another part of the country will find new jobs more quickly.

There are two other kinds of unemployment which we should mention here. These are less serious, perhaps, but they are still difficult for governments to get rid of. The first is/rictional unemployment. This is a natural kind of unemployment that occurs when someone leaves a job and is looking for another one that suits them. Frietional unemployment often happens Ivcause people want to leave their job in order to change careers. Few people walk straight into another job. However, when the economy is in recession, frietional unemployment will be more common because jobs are harder to find.

The second kind is seasonal unemployment Some industries have busy |x>riods and |>criods where there is no work at all. Some freelance farm workers, for example, gel most of their work in the spring and summer. Like structural unemployment, seasonal unemployment can affect whole regions of a country. Areas that rely 011 summer tourism, for example, suffer serious unemployment during the autumn and winter months.

Which kind of unemployment may happen because someone wants it? cyclical unemployment structural unemployment frietional unemployment seasonal unemployment Which kind of unemployment happens because of changes in economic growth? cyclical unemployment structural unemployment frietional unemployment seasonal unemployment

Which kind of unemployment happens in particular parts of the country? (2 answers) cyclical unemployment structural unemployment frictionai unemployment seasonal unemployment

Before you listen

Discuss these questions with your partner.

The chart below shows the trends in unemployment in two countries. Look at the chart, and answer these questions.

What does the vertical axis show?

What does the horizontal axis show?

What two countries are shown?

-» How many years are shown?

T

Are there any similarities between the curves for the two countries?

F Listening H)))

Now listen and write the correct percentages on the chart.The first answer has been done for you.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-30