Unit 9. AT THE RESTAURANT

There are two types of restaurants in the US. On the one hand, there are fast food restaurants. Fast food restaurants are called such because little time passes between the time a visitor orders a meal and when he receives it. They are in fact sort of cafeterias. In fast food restaurants, you should go to the counter to order a meal and then bring it to a table. Fast food is usually mass-produced. Hamburgers, hot sandwiches, salads and pizza are sold in such type of restaurants. Eating there is also not expensive at all. A typical dinner will cost from 3 $ to 6 $. It usually takes from 30 to 45 minutes to have a meal in such type of restaurants. Tips for waiters are not customary in these restaurants.

On the other hand, there are full service, or proper, restaurants. In this type of restaurants customers are served by the waiters. Here you will be offered a menu with a good choice of food and beverages. For dinner at full service restaurants you will pay from 10 $ in a less expensive restaurant to 50 $. People eat, talk and enjoy music. They may have a business lunch or dinner in this type of restaurants. It usually takes people from an hour to an hour and a half to have a meal and leave a full service restaurant. The tip is not included in the bill, but a waiter will expect a tip of 15 % of a bill.

Vocabulary Bank

fast food restaurant	ресторан быстрого питания
to order a meal	заказывать еду
to tip, tips	давать чаевые, чаевые
waiter, waitress	официант, официантка
to serve	обслуживать
beverage	напиток
bill	счет
to have a meal	обедать в ресторане
to prefer	предпочитать
ashtray	пепельница
table-cloth	скатерть
to be on a diet	соблюдать диету
snack	закуска
first course	закуски, салаты
main course	основная еда
dessert	десерт
to pass	передавать
customer	посетитель

Exercises

Answer the following questions.

1. How many types of restaurants in the US do you know?

2. Does little time pass between the time a visitor orders a meal and when he receives it in fast food restaurant?

3. What should you do in a fast food restaurant?

4. Fast food is usually mass-produced, isn’t it?

5. How much does a typical dinner cost in a fast food restaurant?

6. Whom are customers of full service restaurants served by?

7. How much will you pay for dinner there?

8. What do people usually do in a full service restaurant?

9. How much time does it take people to have a meal and leave a full service restaurant?

10. Are tips for waiters customary in these restaurants?

2. Translate the following words into Russian and say how you can call a waiter's attention.

whistle

tap your wine glass

hiss

click your fingers

clap your hands

catch his (her) eye

say «Excuse me»

3. Read and translate the following dialogues:

A. Waiter: Are you ready to order?

Mom: Yes, I think so. Greg, what are you having?

Greg: A hamburger without ketchup and French fries, please.

M.: OK. And you, Stella?

Stella: A pizza for me, please. Pepperoni and extra cheese. And a diet Coke.

M.: And I’ll have a cheeseburger, salad and mineral water, please.

W.: Very good. A drink for you, sir?

G.: No, thanks. I’m OK.

W.: All right. Thank you.

B. Tom: Waiter, could you bring me a menu, please?

Waiter: Certainly, sir. Here it is.

T.: Thank you.

W.: (five minutes later) Now, what are you having, sir?

T.: I’m sorry I haven’t decided yet. Would you mind giving me a couple of minutes?

W.: All right.

T.: Thank you.

W.: (some minutes later) Have you decided yet? May I take your order, sir?

T.: Yes, please. I'd like the fish soup as a starter.

W.: OK. How about the main course?

T.: I’ll have the steak.

W.: What would you like with the steak?

T.: A cabbage salad and some mashed potatoes.

W.: Would you like something to drink?

T.: Some mineral water, please.

W.: Here is your order.

T.: (some time later) Waiter!

W.: Yes, sir. Do you want the bill?

T.: Yes, How much is it?

W.: Seven pounds twenty-five pence, sir.

Put the sentences in the right order to make up the dialogue.

– Do you fancy eating soup?

– I am hungry. I would like to go somewhere to have a snack.

– Yes, let’s go there. The prices are reasonable and the choice of dishes is very nice.

– Then I’ll take the same. Will you order a bottle of fizzy mineral water for both of us?

– Fish and potatoes I think.

– I’d like mushroom soup. What about you?

– Not me. I want a meat salad.

– As for me, I prefer beef with green vegetables.

– What would you like to drink?

– As a matter of fact, I haven’t had anything to eat since breakfast. We may go to this café.

– I will do with mineral water.

– What about the main course? Would you like meat or fish?

– Yes, of course. So, one meat salad, one mushroom soup, beef with vegetables, fish and potatoes, and a bottle of mineral water. That’s all I think. Let’s make the order.

Work in pairs. Imagine that you are in a restaurant, make an order.

Unit 10. AT THE HOTEL

Your accommodation is the place where you stay (note: the spelling is difficult – it is not «accomodation» and there is no plural word «accommodations» in British English).The landlord (or landlady) is the owner of your accommodation. The money you pay to your landlord (usually weekly or monthly) is called rent. You usually pay a deposit when you start renting; normally this money is returned to you when you leave unless you break or damage things or fail to pay the rent. An inventory is a list of what is in the accommodation. If breakfast and supper are provided it is called full board. If only breakfast is provided it is half board. If there are no meals provided it is self-catering. If you live in a different building from the landlord you are known as a tenant. A tenancy agreement is a legal contract between you and your landlord. The notice period is the amount of time your landlord must give you if he (she) wants you to leave the accommodation, or the amount of warning which you must give your landlord if you want to leave. If you live in part of the same house as the landlord, you are a licensee. The contract is known as a license agreement.

What types of student accommodation are there in the UK?

Homestay. Accommodation living in someone's home with a «host family», often arranged in co-operation with a school Breakfast and evening meals are provided, usually eating together with the family. The bathroom is probably shared with other members of the family.

Bedsit / hall of residence. A single room in which you live and sleep; the room is both a bedroom and a sitting room (living room). The cooking area (if there is one) is usually shared. There is usually a wash basin in the room, but the bathroom may be shared. Services such as cleaning and changing of sheets are often provided. If the room is in a building belonging to a university, it is usually called «a hall of residence».

Studio flat. A small flat where the living room and bedroom are combined (a flat is known as an «apartment» in American English). Usually the room has its own entrance and you are free to come and go when you want. There is usually a small bathroom, but this may only contain a basin, toilet and shower.

Flatshare / shared house. A «flatshare» is when you share a flat with one or more other people. You may have your own room, or alternatively you may share a twin-bedded or double-bedded room with another person. A «student house» usually refers to a private house which is occupied by a group of students (sometimes called «student digs»).

B&B («bed and breakfast»), guest house. A room, usually part of someone's home, which the owners are renting out to make some money. Breakfast is provided, but no evening meal. The bathroom is probably shared with other guests.

Hotels. This is probably the most well known and popular type of accommodation available. Hotels range in price from «budget» to very expensive depending upon the area and type of hotel chosen. Most hotels have a bar, although prices can be high.

Youth Hostels. The Youth Hostel Association has hostels around England and Wales, including seven in London. At busy times, it is best to book in advance. But often, you may just arrive and find a room. There are similar associations covering hostels in Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Republic of Ireland. They offer good cheap places to stay. It is necessary to become a member. However, it is possible to join at the time of arrival at a hostel and pay an additional sum a night towards membership at different hostels, until the full membership has been paid. Students with an International Student identity Card may receive a discount. If you are a member of the Youth Hostel Association in your own country already, then your membership covers you to stay at 5000 hostels in over 60 countries.

Vocabulary Bank

accommodation	место (в гостинице, поезде и т. д.) и удобства на которые оно дает право; стол и ночлег
facilities	средства обслуживания, удобства
to book	бронировать
hostel	общежитие
inn	небольшая гостиница
catering	общественное питание
to stay at the hotel	остановиться, жить в гостинице
to put up somebody	устроить кого-либо в гостинице
reception / front desk	стойка администратора
receptionist	администратор
to check in	зарегистрироваться
to fill in / out the registration form	заполнить регистрационный бланк
to sign (the registration)	расписаться (в книге регистрации приезжающих)
to check out	выписаться (при отъезде)
date of arrival, departure	дата приезда, отъезда
bell captain / bell hop	посыльный (носильщик в гостинице)
room maid / housekeeper	горничная
desk clerk	дежурный администратор
single / double room	одноместный / двухместный номер
suite	номер из нескольких комнат
room service	бюро обслуживания (в номерах)
gratuities, tips	чаевые
available	имеющийся в наличии
wet bar	бар с алкогольными напитками (в номере)
How much (is it)?	Сколько это стоит?

Exercises

Answer the following questions.

1. What is accommodation?

2. Whom do you pay rent?

3. What is full board?

4. If only breakfast is provided, it is half board, isn’t it?

5. What is the most well-known and popular type of accommodation available?

6. Do most hotels have a bar?

7. Is it best to book in advance at busy times?

Read and translate the following dialogues.

A. Receptionist: Mermaid, Luton. Can I help you?

Client: Yes, I would like to book a room for the night of the 14^th, please.

R.: Er, the 14^th... Single, twin or double?

C.: Oh, double, please, with bathroom. Could you tell me how much that will cost?

R.: That will be 95 dollars, including breakfast. Can you give me your name, please?

C.: My name is Kate Andrews.

R.: And your phone number?

C.: 0799719876.

R.:...876. Thank you.

C.: Oh, another thing. Would it be possible to leave my car with you? I am flying in Paris the next day and I would like to leave it in your hotel car park.

R.: Yes, certainly. How long for?

C.: A week. I am coming back on the 21^st around 10 p. m.

R.: Should I order you a late dinner?

C.: If you would, yes.

R.: OK. Well, if you confirm this in writing, please.

C.: Yes, I will do it now. Thank you very much. Goodbye.

R.: Thank you. Goodbye.

B. Receptionist: Hello. This is Big Star Hotel. Can I help you?

Client: Yes, I'd like to reserve a double room for three nights, from Wednesday, the 12^th of February, to Friday, the 14^th of February, inclusive.

R.: Let me see... Yes, sir. A double room for three nights with English breakfast, is that right?

C.: Yes, that's right.

R.: What is your name, please?

C.: It's for the Browns.

R.: Could you spell the surname, please?

C.: Yes, of course. B-R-O-W-N.

R.: Thank you, sir.

C.: Should I send a deposit?

R.: No, it isn't necessary, sir.

C.: Thank you very much.

Study the following dialogues describing some problems which may happen at any hotel.

A. Man: Excuse me!

Receptionist: Yes, sir?

M.: I need someone in Room 456 right now! The shower is running, and it won't stop! There is water all over the floor!

R.: Don't worry, sir. I'll send the engineer immediately!

B. Receptionist: Front desk. This is John Gray.

Man: This is Room 795. Will you help me? My room is very cold. I can't turn off the air conditioning.

R.: All right I'll deal with it, madam. The problem will be solved in some minutes.

Imagine the following situations, make up the similar dialogues.

A. The toilet doesn't work.

B. There are no towels in your room.

C. You want someone to take your bags to the lobby.

D. The TV is out of order.

Make these sentences passive.

1. Last year I spent a lot of money on a good hotel.

2. I have just booked a single room.

3. I will leave my car in your hotel car park.

4. This hotel doesn't lend items of clothing.

5. My secretary reserved a place for three nights.

6. Work in pairs. Make up your own dialogues. Reserve a room at a hotel for Mr. Smith.

Fill in each gap with one suitable word or word combination given below. Act out the conversation.

card, reserved, key, the best way, sights

Customer: Good morning. I've … a single room for three nights, from today.

Receptionist: What's your name, madam?

C.: L. Smirnova.

R.: Here you are, just fill in this …. This is your ….

C.: Thank you. What time is the restaurant open?

R.: Breakfast time is from 8 till 10; dinner is served from 7 to 10 p.m.

C.: By the way, could you tell me … to get to the centre?

R.: There are lots of bus services around, but the best way is the tube. You can get a daily ticket there.

C.: Have you got a map of the city or leaflets about the …?

R.: There you are. Help yourself from the stand on your left, madam.

C.: Thank you.

Unit 11. TELEPHONING

In the age of mobile phones everyone thinks they know how to use the phone. Lots of research shows that the biggest impact in spoken-word communication is visual. Some researchers say it's as much as three-quarters of the total. Yet on the phone we don't have any of that. Our voice has to do all the work. If we want people at the other end to form a good impression of us, we need to give more thought to business phone calls than we do when we're just chatting to our friends. Most people find it easier – both physically and psychologically – to talk on the phone when they're standing up. One of the reasons is that they're more likely to use body and arm movements – or at least the arm not holding the phone in the same way they would in face-to-face conversation.

One of the biggest problems in telephone conversations is speed. Native speakers, especially business people, tend to speak very quickly on the telephone. Here are some practical tips to get native speakers of English to slow down!

• Immediately ask the person to speak slowly.

• When taking note of a name or important information, repeat each piece of information as the person speaks. This is an especially effective tool. By repeating each important piece of information or each number or letter as the spell or give you a telephone number you automatically slow the speaker down.

• Do not say you have understood if you have not. Ask the person to repeat until
you have understood.

Remember that the other person needs to make himself (herself) understood and it is in his (her) interest to make sure that you have understood. If you ask a person to explain more than twice they will usually slow down.

• If the person does not slow down begin speaking your own language! A sentence or two of another language spoken quickly will remind the person that they are fortunate because they do not need to speak a different language to communicate. Used carefully, this exercise in humbling the other speaker can be very effective. Just be sure to use it with colleagues and not with a boss.

Vocabulary Bank

to speak on (over) the telephone	говорить по телефону
extension	добавочный номер
telephone directory	справочник
The line is free.	Номер не занят.
Speaking.	Слушаю.
This is Victorov calling.	Говорит Викторов.
Could (can, may) I speak to Mr. Black?	Можно г-на Блэка?
Who is calling (speaking), please?	Кто говорит? Кто звонит?
I'm putting you through.	Соединяю.
John Brown is speaking.	Говорит Джон Браун.
Could you put me through to Mr. Smith?	Не могли бы вы соединить меня с г-ном Смитом?
The line is engaged (busy).	Номер занят.
Can you hold on?	Вы можете подождать?
Mr. Roberts is on the other line.	Г-н Робертс разговаривает по другому телефону.
Sorry to have kept you waiting.	Извините, что заставил вас ждать.
I'll see if he is in.	Я сейчас посмотрю, у себя ли он.
Mr. Orlov is out at the moment.	Г-на Орлова сейчас нет.
Can you take (leave) a message?	Вы не могли бы передать ему мою просьбу?
Will you leave a message?	Не хотите ли что-нибудь передать?
Hold on (wait for) a moment, please.	Подождите минуточку, пожалуйста.
Hold on (the line). Don't hang up.	Не вешайте трубку.
He won't be back until late this afternoon.	Он будет только в конце дня.
Dr. Hill is not available. Is there any message?	Доктора Хилла нет. Что-нибудь передать?
I'll call back later.	Я перезвоню позже.
There is no reply at his number.	Его номер не отвечает.
You've got the wrong number.	Вы ошиблись номером.
Sorry to have troubled (bothered) you.	Простите за беспокойство.
There is no one by the name Green here.	Здесь нет никого по фамилии Грин.
Could you speak up, please?	Не могли бы вы говорить громче?
Are you there?	Вы меня слышите?
I can't hear you very well.	Я вас плохо слышу.
Speak louder, please.	Говорите громче.
You are wanted on the phone.	Вас просят к телефону.
Information? (Is that inquiries?)	Это справочная?
Write (take) down my phone number.	Запишите номер моего телефона.
It's me again.	Это опять я.
We were disconnected (cut off).	Нас разъединили.
How do you spell you surname? Can you spell it for me?	Как пишется ваша фамилия? Вы можете произнести ее по буквам?

Exercises

1. Read the following dialogues and translate them into Russian.

A. Operator: Hello, Frank and Brothers, How can I help you?

Peter: This is Peter Jackson. Can I have extension 3421?

O.: Certainly, hold on a minute, I'll put you through...

Frank: Bob Peterson's office, Frank speaking.

P.: This is Peter Jackson calling, is Bob in?

F.: I'm afraid he's out at the moment. Can I take a message?

P.: Yes, Could you ask him to call me at 212 456-8965. I need to talk to him about the Navish line, it's urgent.

F.: Could you repeat the number, please?

P.: Yes, that's 212 456-8965, and this is Peter Jackson.

F.: Thank you Mr. Jackson, I'll make sure Bob gets this as soon as possible.

P.: Thanks, bye.

F.: Bye.

B. Fred: Could I speak to Jack Perkins, please?

Operator: Who's calling, please?

F.: This is Fred Blinkingham. I'm a friend of Jack.

O.: Hold the line, please. I'll put your call through. (after a moment) I'm afraid he's out at the moment. Can I take a message?

F.: Yes. Can you ask him to give me a call? My number is 345-8965.

O.: Could you repeat that, please?

F.: Certainly. That's 345-8965.

O.: OK. I'll make sure Mr. Perkins gets your message.

F.: Thank you. Goodbye.

O.: Goodbye.

Read and translate the following business telephone conversation and answer the questions.

Brown: Hello! Is that «Intersport»?

Secretary: Yes. Secretary is speaking. Who's calling?

B.: Brown of «Brown and Sons» Company. I'd like to speak to the President, please. Is he available now?

S.: Mr. Petrov is on another line. Can you hold on?

B.: Certainly.

Petrov: Petrov speaking.

B.: Hello, Mr. Petrov. It's Brown. Our delegation is coming to Moscow next week.

P.: I'm glad to hear that. When will they arrive?

B.: On Monday.

P.: That's good. And what do you think of our offer?

B.: Our people are still studying your offer and catalogues. But we think, your prices are too high, you know.

P.: Well, we can meet next week and discuss the prices.

B.: Agreed. See you next week.

1. What made Mr. Brown make the telephone call?

2. When is Mr. Brown's delegation coming to Moscow?

3. Did Mr. Petrov mention that the delegation would be met?

4. Will the delegation arrive on Sunday or on Monday?

5. Did Mr. Brown and Mr. Petrov settle the problem during the telephone conversation?

6. Where and when did they decide to meet?

7. Whose initiative was it?

Continue the following conversations.

1. A.: Hello.

B.: May I speak to Mr. Stock?

A.: Speaking.

2. A.: Hello.

B.: Could I speak to Mr. Ivanov?

A.: Who's calling, please?

3. A.: Hello.

B.: Hello, David Black speaking. May I have a word with Mr. Ivanov?

A.: I'll see if he is in.

4. A.: Hello. May I speak to Mr. Roberts?

B.: Sorry, sir. Mr. Roberts is not available. Is there any message?

5. A.: Foreign Office. Good afternoon. Can I help you?

B.: Good afternoon. I'd like to speak to Mr. Tate?

A.: What extension, please?

6. A.: Good morning. May I speak to Mr. Parsons?

B.: could you repeat your surname, please?

7. A.: Can I speak to Mr. Scott?

B.: I'm afraid you've got the wrong number.

Supply the prepositions where necessary. Sum up the conversations. Act them out.

A. Secretary: 278-53-42, Mr. Brown's office.

George Build: Hello, can I speak __David Brown?

S.: I'll see if he's ___the office. Who's calling?

G. B.: George Build, ___ Green and Co.

S.: Hold __, please. Mr. Brown is ___ a meeting with the Managing Director ___ the moment, I'm afraid. Can I help you?
G. B.: Well, we were ___the Singapore fair together. I'm ___London now; I'd like to see him.

S.: I don't think the meeting will go ___ ___a long time. Shall I ask him to call you when he's free?

G. B.: That would be very good ___him.

S.: Can I have your name again, please?

G. B.: Oh, yes, it's George Build. B-U-I-L-D.

S.: And your number?

G. B.: I'm staying ____the Lancaster Hotel, room 4281.

S.: Thank you, Mr. Build. I'll pass your message ___ Mr. Brown.
G. B.: Thank you very much ___your help. Goodbye.

B. Mary Wilson: 513-86-72, Mary Wilson.

Ahmed Mosu: Oh, good morning, Mrs. Wilson. My name is Ahmed

Mosu. I'd like to speak ___ your husband, if I may.

M. W.: I'm afraid he's___. He is ___ a conference ___ Manchester all day. Would you like to leave a message ___ him?

A. M.: Well, you see, we were ___ Saudi Arabia together ___ last October. I'm___ London ___a few days. In fact, I'm flying ___tomorrow. Will he be ___ home ___ this evening?

M. W.: Yes, he'll be___ ___eight thirty, I think.

A. M.: Fine, I'll phone him about nine, then.

M. W.: Right. I'll tell him ___ your call. Goodbye.

A. M.: Goodbye, Mrs. Wilson.

Unit 12. COOPERATIVE MOVEMENT

The cooperative movement was pioneered in Great Britain in the 19^th century. It first appeared in Russia about 150 years ago. Although it has been facing a serious challenge for the past 15 years it still remains one of the biggest public and economic organizations of the country. There are about 18 million shareholders in it.

The corner stone of consumer cooperatives is the principle of voluntary membership. Consumer cooperatives work out and realize their own plans for economic and social development. These plans contribute to the development of national economics.

Another principle of cooperatives' work is the principle of self-financing. Consumer cooperatives' profits form the difference between the planned and actual income and spending.

Consumer cooperatives in Russia offer goods and services to rural population. They buy a lot of agricultural products, process them at their enterprises, organize public catering, etc.

The essential part of their activities is retail and wholesale trade. The retail trade of consumer cooperatives is carried out by consumer ' societies.

Centrosoyuz is at the head of consumer cooperatives in Russia. It maintains close links with cooperative organizations in more than 100 countries of the world and plays an important role in the International Cooperative Movement. It is a member of the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA).

Vocabulary Bank

movement	движение
to pioneer	возглавлять, быть первым
challenge	трудность
to remain	оставаться
public	общественный
shareholder	пайщик
consumer	потребитель
voluntary	добровольный
goods	товары
income	доход
spending	расход
profit	прибыль
public catering	общественное питание
society	общество
development	развитие
contribute	вносить вклад
self-financing	самофинансирование
to process	обрабатывать
enterprise	предприятие
retail	розничный
wholesale	оптовый
trade	торговля

Exercises

Answer the following questions.

l. When and where did cooperative movement appear?

2. When did cooperative movement appear in Russia?

3. What can you say about cooperative movement in Russia today?

4. How many shareholders are there in Russia now?

5. What is the basic principle of consumer cooperatives?

6. How do consumer cooperatives influence national economics?

7. What does the principle of self-financing mean?

8. How do consumer cooperatives work with the rural population in Russia?

9. What is the essential part of their work in Russia?

10. What organization is at the head of consumer cooperatives?

11. What can you say about its international activities?

Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. Кооперативное движение возникло в Великобритании.

2. В России кооперативное движение появилось около 150 лет тому назад.

3. Кооперативное движение в России в течение последних 15 лет испытывает большие трудности.

4. Потребительские кооперативы в России остаются одной из самых крупных общественных и экономических организаций в стране.

5. Основополагающим принципом потребительской кооперации является принцип добровольности.

6. Кооперативы вносят свой вклад в развитие экономики страны.

7. Другим принципом потребительской кооперации является принцип самофинансирования.

8. Прибыль кооперативов возникает от разницы между планируемыми и фактическими доходами и расходами.

9. Потребительские кооперативы в России предлагают товары и услуги сельскому населению.

10. Главная составляющая часть работы кооперативов в России -розничная и оптовая торговля.

11. Центросоюз находится во главе потребительских кооперативов России.

12. Центросоюз поддерживает тесные связи с кооперативными организациями более чем 100 стран мира.

Match the words with their corresponding definitions.

consumer, service, trade, economics, production, good, wholesaling, retailing

1. A person who buys goods and services for his (her) own use but not for resale.

2. The sale to general public, especially in shops.

3. A study of the ways in which people apply their knowledge, skills and efforts to the gifts of nature in order to satisfy their material wants.

4. Trade connected with buying and selling goods in large quantities from manufactures.

5. A system or organization that provides the public with something interesting or useful in daily life.

6. Movable property.

7. Buying and selling goods, services, currencies or securities; 8) activity of making and growing something.

Put the following sentences into the Past Simple Tense and the Future Simple Tense.

1. Consumer cooperatives work out and realize their own plans for economic and social development.

2. These plans contribute to the development of national economics.

3. Consumer cooperatives' profits form the difference between the planned and actual income and spending.

4. Consumer cooperatives in Russia offer goods and services to rural population.

5. They buy a lot of agricultural products, process them at their enterprises, organize public catering, etc.

Unit 13. VOCATIONAL CHOICE

As children, many of us wanted to be firemen, policemen, nurses. During our adolescence, we may have changed our minds and decided to become pilots, teachers, or professional golfers. As adults, we may settle on something entirely different.

These changes reflect our growing awareness of ourselves and the world around us. As children, from about six to eleven, we make «fantasy choices». We choose activities that appear pleasurable and attractive, ignoring all other aspects of the occupations of which these activities are a part. In early and late adolescence, we also ask ourselves, «Can I do it?», «Am I suited for it?» By this time, we have had a chance to analyze what certain occupations demand.

Finally, as adults, we make a «realistic choice», in most cases. We consider a job in relation to other preferences and other demands. Perhaps we shall have to weigh our desire to stay in our hometown where job opportunities may be very limited against the necessity of leaving for another part of the country where job opportunities are plentiful. Or we may have to choose between a job that will fulfill a lifelong ambition to travel or one that will realize our wish to become independent of family support as soon as possible. The job we finally do choose is likely to represent a compromise between various needs and wishes and available opportunities.

It is not the easy thing to choose the profession out of more than 2000 existing in the world, is it?

Vocabulary Bank

vocational	профессиональный
adolescence	юность
adult	взрослый
awareness	осознание
to choose	выбирать
to ignore	игнорировать
to suit	подходить, соответствовать
to weigh	взвешивать
job opportunities	рабочие места
independent	независимый
various	разнообразный
available	имеющийся в наличии, доступный
to exist	существовать

Exercises

Answer the following questions.

1. What did you want to be as a child?

2. Did you change your mind during your adolescence?

3. What do these changes reflect?

4. When do we ask ourselves «Can I do it?», «Am I suited for it?»

5. We consider a job in relation to other preferences and other demands, don't we?

6. How many professions are there in the world today?

Write down the Russian equivalents.

Accounting, banking, sales, sports, chemistry, lawyer, designer, movies, secretary, teacher, translator.

Make up general, special, alternative and tag questions to the following sentences.

1. He is looking forward to his first job.

2. You need a plan and a sense of direction to find a job.

3. They haven't explored all the possibilities.

4. They wish they have received more information earlier.

5. No one can be expected to know everything about an occupation.

6. It is important to look at many options before making the final decision.

Unit 14. MY FUTURE SPECIALITY

I am a second-year student of the Saransk Cooperative Institute. I study at the Finance and Accountancy Department. This department trains financiers, book-keepers and accountants.

Our Institute gives us thorough knowledge of various general and special subjects. We study Macroeconomics, Microeconomics, Management, Accounting, Money and Banking, Economic Theory, Statistics, Computer Science, English, etc.

Some graduates of our faculty work at the educational institutions, various research centers and laboratories, in industry, business, banks, others work for the government, or are employed by various agencies and by military services.

Being employed in industry and business, our graduates work as managers, as executive managers, sales managers, financiers. Financiers' duties include different tasks aimed to maximize their firms' wealth. They are concerned with capital budgeting, choice of capital structure and working capital management. They are also responsible for deciding the credit terms under which customers may buy how much inventory the firm should carry, how much cash to have on hand, what types of securities to issue and so on. Some of us work as accountants. I am going to be an accountant, too, because it is one of the most prestigious and widely required professions today. But you shouldn't mix an accountant with a book-keeper. While a book-keeper is mostly involved in calculations, like balance sheets, cash receipts, cash disbursements, income statements, invoices, an accountant is responsible for designing the financial policy of a company. To become a professional accountant is a great challenge. It requires years of study, experience and ongoing commitment. But I'll do my best to be a good specialist.

Vocabulary Bank

graduate	выпускник
research	(научно-)исследовательский
to be employed by	работать в
military services	военная служба
executive manager	главный менеджер
sales manager	менеджер по продажам
duty	обязанность
to aim	намереваться, стремиться
wealth	благосостояние
to be concerned with	заниматься чем-либо
capital structure	структура капитала
working capital	оборотный капитал
to be responsible for	быть ответственным за
inventory	материально-техническое снабжение
to issue securities	пускать в обращение (выдавать) ценные бумаги
to be involved in	быть вовлеченным в
balance sheet	баланс, балансовый отчет
cash receipt	денежное поступление
cash disbursement	денежная выплата
income statement	отчет о прибылях и убытках
invoice	счет-фактура
commitment	обязательство
to do one's best	сделать все от себя зависящее

Exercises

Дата добавления: 2015-10-23