Singing terms

Singing

Vocal music is music performed by one or more singers, with or without non-vocal instrumental accompaniment, in which singing provides the main focus of the piece. Vocal music is probably the oldest form of music, since it does not require any instrument besides the human voice. All musical cultures have some form of vocal music and there are many long standing singing traditions throughout the world's cultures.

Music which employs singing but does not feature it prominently is generally considered as instrumental music. Music without any non-vocal instrumental accompaniment is referred to as ‘a cappella’. Vocal music typically features sung words called lyrics, although there are notable examples of vocal music that are performed using non-linguistic syllables or noises, sometimes as musical onomatopoeia. The vocal music without lyrics is acoustic vocal music, with using only the voice and the body of the singer. A short piece of vocal music with lyrics is broadly termed a song.

The musical tradition of mouth music (Puirt á beul) was used in various forms of traditional music in the Anglo-Saxon and Gaelic communities. It is a Scottish technique based around imitating the sounds of bagpipes, fiddles, and other instruments used in traditional Scottish music. It was popularized in North America by Scottish immigrants, and has been incorporated into many forms of American music from roots music to bluegrass. The origin of singing is connected with intention of person to express his mood in the sounds of voice. Constantly developing, singing becomes the subject of particular art. Thanks to singing, words acquire greater relief. Speech in combination with singing, create a strong impression. For singing, like art, correct natural voice training and technique vocal development are needed.

Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, which is often contrasted with regular speech. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist. Singers perform music known as songs that can either be sung without accompaniment or accompanied by musicians and instruments ranging from a single instrumentalist to a full symphony orchestra or big band. Singing is often done in a group of other musicians, such as in a choir of singers with different voice ranges, or in an ensemble with instrumentalists, such as a rock group or baroque ensemble. Singing is performed in solo and in joint performing (duet, trio, quartette, quintet(te), choir, ensemble, that is singing of soloists with.

Vocal registers: from highest to lowest register

Whistle • Falsetto • Modal • Vocal fry

Register encompasses several aspects of the human voice. The term register can be used to refer as a particular part of the vocal range such as the upper, middle, or lower registers; or as resonance area such as chest voice or head voice.

Choral singers are classified into voice parts based on range; solo singers are classified into voice types based in part on tessitura – where the voice feels most comfortable for the majority of the time.

Choir (Chorus) is a musical ensemble of singers.

Choir differs from vocal ensemble (duet, trio, quartette, quartette etc.) by having at the least two or more people performing the same part.

Choirs are often led by a conductor or choirmaster. Church choirs are led by precentor.

Most often choirs consist of four sections intended to sing in four part harmony (soprano, alto, tenor, bass), but there is no limit to the number of possible parts as long as there is a singer available to sing the part, each of the main parties can be divided into several relatively independent parties.

There is a variety of voice classification systems. The main criteria of dividing of voices are vocal range and sex.

Voice Type

Female voices Soprano Coloratura soprano, Soubrette, Lyric soprano, Spinto, and Dramatic soprano. Mezzo-soprano Lyric mezzo-soprano, Coloratura mezzo-soprano and Dramatic mezzo-soprano. Contralto Lyric contralto and Dramatic contralto. Alto	Male voices Countertenor Sopranist or male soprano, Haute-contre, and modern castrato. Tenor Leggiero tenor, Lyric tenor, Spinto tenor, Dramatic tenor, and Heldentenor. Baritone Lyric baritone, Bel Canto (coloratura) baritone, kavalierbariton, Dramatic baritone, Verdi baritone, baryton-noble, and Bariton/Baryton-Martin. Bass Basso Profondo, Basso Buffo / Bel Canto Bass, Basso Cantante, Dramatic Bass, and Bass-baritone.
Treble	Falsetto
Genres of singing: Opera chamber — concert performing of arias, songs and romances	Styles of singing: melodious — cantilena singing of reciting — recitative coloratura
Singing without words — vocalise.
Large genres musical dramatical piece, oratorio	Middle genres cantata, vocal cycle, liturgy, choral concert	Small genres vocal miniature (song, romance)

Types of choirs:

Depending on sex and age of singers   Mixed choirs Choir of youthes and boys Male choirs Female choirs Children's choirs

Depending on manner of singing   Academic choir traditional (folk) choir

Depending on the quality of people   Chamber choir (12 – 30,50) Great choir (50 – 120)

Depending on the status   Professional choirs Community choirs Church choirs Collegiate choirs School choirs

Dependeing on the type of music they perform   Symphonic choirs Vocal jazz choirs Show choirs

Singing terms

bel canto belt

death growl rapping

beat boxing screaming

lead vocalist sprechgesang chiaroscuro

recitative chanson

throat singing singer–songwriter overtone singing

Vocal music, lyrics, singing, instrumental music, vocalist, mouth music, choir, singer, voice training, register, symphony orchestra, song, vocal range, chest voice, head voice, vocal ensemble, conductor, choirmaster, precentor, chamber, recitative, lead vocalist, throat singing, soloist

1. In our ____ there are three ____.

2. I sing _____, but sometimes I use ____ and also I am able to perform in a _____.

3. ________ performs ______.

4. ________ an be with _____ and without them.

5. I am a ______ in our ______.

6. I don’t like _________ with using of ______.

7. This _____ has a brilliant ______.

8. Many people adore this ______ as he performs ______ marvelously.

9. Our ______ pay more attention to upper ______ of our choir.

10. Our ensemble has a wonderful _____.

11. For singing this _____ it is necessary to have a very wide _____.

12. This _______ choir was led by very famous _____.

---

Дата добавления: 2015-10-29