The concept of political regime

Definition of the political regime

Organization of the supreme government, its agencies and their relationships with the population affects the concept of "government." Sure isolated monarchical and republican form of government. But not always the nature of political power in society is responsible form of government. For example, Sweden, Norway, Belgium more democratic than many republics, although the form of government is a constitutional monarchy. At the same time Germany 30 years in the form of government was a republic, but the nature of the government was dictatorial. In this regard, there was a need to identify the means and methods by which the state government organizes the relations between people. This aspect of the functioning of government reflects the concept of "political regime" [1, p. 43].

In European political science this is the basic concept, whereas in the U.S. the preferred category is "political system". However, the terms "political system" and "political regime" characterize political life from different sides: if the political system reflects the nature of the relationship of politics to economics, social, cultural and other spheres of social life, the political regime determines the means and methods of political power.

Political regime – is the way the political system of society, determining the nature of political life in the country, a system of techniques, methods and techniques of political (including the state) power in society [4, p. 143].

In political science, there are several interpretations of the political regime:

1. Institutional (political and legal) approach identifies the political regime of the forms of government and political system and focuses on the formal-legal characteristics: Features of division of power and the relationship between the branches of government, the types of government.

Evident trend identification with the political regime form of government. Sidedness of this approach is that the actual practice of power may conflict with the norms enshrined in the Constitution, and the political regime expresses a more widespread phenomenon than government. Hailed republican form of government does not mean the establishment of real democracy, as evidenced by the examples of the Soviet Union and Germany's 30-pp. However, the European constitutional monarchy is regarded as a classic manifestation of liberal democracy.

2. Sociological approach puts emphasis on the nature of the relationship between state and society that have developed realistic and not necessarily according to the dictates of the Constitution and other legislation norms of political behavior. Within this approach draws attention to the social study of power, pressure groups, the relationship between elites and people.

3. A broad interpretation of the political regime goes beyond just political-legal or just a sociological analysis and considers its value over several components that distinguish some types of political regimes from others [3, p. 251].

Some researchers believe that "political regime" – is too broad term for this phenomenon and prefer to use something else – "state (state legal regime)." Unlike the concepts of government and forms of government that relate to the organizational form of the state party, the term "state mode" describes its functional side – forms and methods of state power.

Political regimes – a collection of methods and means of legitimizing the exercise of power and a certain type of state. Legalization of the government as a legal concept means the establishment, recognition, support for the rule of law, especially the Constitution, reliance on government law. Legitimation same state – is taking power the country's population, the recognition of its right to manage social processes, willingness to obey her. Legitimation may not be common, as there will always be some social groups, unhappy with the existing government. Legitimation can not be imposed because it is associated with a set of experiences and internal systems of people with ideas of different groups on compliance with state power, bodies of norms of social justice, human rights and their protection. Legitimization is support power by the people in the form of elections or referendums. Identify core mode, that determine how this state power is generated and controlled by the people.

State control – the most important part of the political regime that exists in society. Political regime – the concept is broader because it includes not only the methods of state domination, but typical methods of non-political organizations (parties, movements, associations).

Political regimes – a concept that refers to a system of techniques, methods, forms, methods of making the state and political power in society. This functional characteristic of bodies. The nature of public-political regime never directly stated in the constitution (not counting the common guidelines for the democratic nature of the state), but almost always the most directly affect their dependent [6, p. 73].

Since the political regime is the functional aspect of the society's political system, its structure are the same elements as the structure of the political system. This is primarily political institutions – the state and its structural elements, political parties, socio-political organizations and political relations, political norms, political culture in their functional aspect. In respect of the issue is not just about the structure and the nature of the relations between its elements, how to organize its government relations with the citizens of the state, creating the conditions for its exercise of rights and freedoms and so on. Political parties are the elements of the political regime, not as political institutions, and the interaction between them, as a certain party system.

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