Four Basic Mathematical Operations

There are four basic mathematical operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. These four operations are used in a wide range of everyday skills and are the fundamental blocks of arithmetic. The four operations that can be performed when working with Whole Numbers. People use the operations in everyday life for a multitude of tasks.

The most basic of the four operations is Addition (Сложение). Addition operations are denoted by the + sign. The addition operator (plus sign) will take any two numbers, called addends or summands, as operands to work on. The result of addition of the two numbers is called the sum.

A+B=C is read: A plus B equals C;

A and B is equal to C;

A added to B makes C;

A plus B is C

A and B are called ‘ addends ’ or ‘ summands ’ (слагаемые); C is the ‘ sum ’ (сумма)

addend + addend=sum слагаемое + слагаемое=сумма

Example: 12 (addend) + 5 (addend) = 17 (sum)

The next operation is Subtraction (Вычитание). Subtraction is the operation that involves taking away value from the total amount. It is signified by the minus sign (−).Subtraction is also commonly used to find the difference between two numbers. The Minuend (уменьшаемое) is the first number in a Subtraction. The number from which another number (the Subtrahend - вычитаемое) is to be subtracted. The Subtrahend (вычитаемое) is the number that is to be subtracted. The second number in a Subtraction. The Difference (разность) is the result of subtracting one number from another. How much one number differs from another.

minuend - subtrahend = difference уменьшаемое-вычитаемое=разность

Example: in 8 − 3 = 5, 8 is the minuend

Example: in 8 - 3 = 5, 3 is the subtrahend

Example: The difference between 8 and 3 is 5.

4-3=1 is read: three from four is one;

four minus three is one;

four minus three is equal to one;

four minus three makes one;

the difference between four and three is one;

three from four leaves one.

4 is called a minuend (уменьшаемое)

3 is a subtrahend (вычитаемое)

1 is a difference (разность)

It is an inverse operation of Addition.

Multiplication (умножение) is another one of the four operations. Multiplication of two numbers is equivalent to the addition of the one number with itself as many times as the value of the other one number is. Multiplication is often denoted by the cross symbol "×", by a point " · " In the operation of Multiplication there is the Multiplicand (множимое) is a number which is multiplied by another number. It is also termed as coefficient or factor. The Multiplier (множитель) − the number used to multiply another number. It is possible to multiply the two numbers in any order, so the word " Factor(s) " for indicating both the Multiplicand and The Multiplier can be used. In mathematics, the Product (произведение) is the result of multiplying, or an expression that identifies factors to be multiplied.

multiplicand × multiplier = product множитель × множитель=произведение

Example: in 4× 2 = 8, 4 is a multiplicand

Example: in 4× 2 = 8, 2 is a multiplier

Example: in 4× 2 = 8, 8 is a product

2×3=6 is read: two multiplied by three is six;

twice three is six;

three times two is six;

two times three make(s) six

The last of the four basic operations is Division (Деление). It is an inverse operation of Multiplication. In mathematics, the word "division" means the operation which is the opposite of multiplication. The symbol for division can be a slash(/), a line, or the division sign (). Division is the process of taking the total value and dividing it into equal parts. The Dividend ( делимое) in math is the first number in a division equation. This is a number that is to be divided by a divisor. The Dividend is the amount of something you want to divide into smaller parts. The Divisor (делитель) is the number that the dividend will be divided by. The Quotient (частное) is the number of times the divisor will go into the dividend. The Remainder (остаток) is a number that is less than the Divisor and is too small to be divided by the Divisor to form a whole number.

dividend divisor = quotient делимое делитель = частное

Example: in 20 5 = 4, 20 is a dividend

Example: in 20 5 = 4, 5 is a divisor

Example: in 20 5 = 4, 4 is a quotient

Example: in 16 3= 5,3 - 5 is the quotient and 3 is a remainder

35 5=7 is read: thirty five divided by five is seven;

five into thirty five goes seven times;

35 divided by 5 equals 7

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