Employment.

Unit 13.

Reading

salary - money that you receive as payment from the organization you work for, usually paid to you every month:

monthly (annual, yearly) salary, on top of the salary, a competitive (starting) salary, to double one’s salary, to spend all the salary, the salary starts at …, the salary for the position is …, to earn quite a good salary;

The average salary is $39,000 a year. She's on a salary of £16,000. Parker's annual salary is just under $48,000. It’s time to have a higher salary. How can they afford that car on Todd's salary? Our daughter makes a good salary, but she really works for it.

a wage / wages - money you earn that is paid according to the number of hours, days, or weeks that you work:

a daily (weekly) wage, to offer quite low wages;

He earns a good wage. Elvina earns an hourly wage of $11.

pay - money that you are given for doing your job:

a minimum rate of pay, pay increase (rise/raise), the pay per hour, a good rate of pay;

Nurses often work long hours for low pay. Teachers were awarded a 6% pay rise. "What's the pay?" "About $10 an hour." For most fast-food workers, the pay is around $5 an hour. Joe's been receiving sick pay since the accident. The worst thing about being a nurse is the low pay.

commission – 2) an extra amount of money that is paid to a person or organization according to the value of the goods they have sold or the services they have provided:

to be (work) on commission, to earn commission on sales, to be paid one’s commission, to double one’s salary with the commission;

The dealer takes a 20% commission on the sales he makes. He sold cosmetics on commission. His basic salary is low, but he gets 20% commission on everything he sells.

persuasive - able to make other people believe something or do what you ask:

persuasive argument (evidence);

Trevor can be very persuasive. Barratt's argument was persuasive, but the managers still turned down his proposal.

reward – 1) something that you get because you have done something good or helpful or have worked hard:

in reward foe sth;

The school has a system of rewards and punishments to encourage good behaviour. Several of the parents were giving their children rewards for passing exams. The job is difficult, but the financial rewards are great.

2) money that is offered to people for helping the police to solve a crime or catch a criminal:

a reward for information leading to the capture of the murderers;

A reward of $20,000 has been offered.

rewarding - making you feel happy and satisfied because you feel you are doing something useful or important, even if you do not earn much money:

to find sth rewarding, to be incredibly rewarding;

Teaching can be a very rewarding career. Your work is so rewarding, even though it's unpleasant at times.

part-time - someone who has a part-time job works for only part of each day or week:

a part-time job, women wishing to return to work on a part-time basis, a part-time (kitchen, shop) assistant;

She wants to work part-time after she's had the baby.

a part-timer; She started as a part-timer.

full-time - for all the hours of a week during which it is usual for people to work, study etc:

to work (study) full-time, full-time staff (student), full-time job (position, education), full-time managers;

She works full-time and has two kids. They're looking for full-time staff at the library. Janine attends high school full-time and works part-time.

to bring in - to earn a particular amount or produce a particular amount of profit:

to bring in money;

The sale of the house only brought in about £45,000.

income - the money that you earn from your work or that you receive from investments, the government etc:

on a... income (= earning a particular amount), high/low income, to bring in a good income, to expect a fairly high income, to live beyond one’s income;

People on a high income should pay more tax. His annual income is £250,000. I'd love to know what his income is. He has so many new clothes and such an expensive car. The whole family survives on the mother's monthly income of less than £500.

to deal with (dealt) – 1) to take the necessary action, especially in order to solve a problem:

to deal with a problem, to deal with printers (recycling, the income of a business);

Don't worry, I'll deal with this. They should deal properly and fairly with any complaint. I hope you dealt with everything at work while I was away. There’s just to much information to deal with.

2) if a book, speech etc deals with a particular subject, it is about that subject:

These ideas are dealt with more fully in Chapter Four.

3) to do business with someone or have a business connection with someone:

Most travel agents do not deal directly with these companies.

4) to succeed in controlling your feelings about an emotional problem so that it does not affect your life, synonym cope with:

How's he dealing with the whole thing?

temporary - continuing for only a limited period of time, opposite permanent:

temporary pain relief, temporary work (job, position, post), temporary employees (workers, staff) (= employed for only a limited time), to find (look for) a temporary job;

I'm living with my parents, but it's only temporary. She was employed on a temporary basis. Ben's found a temporary job until November. I'm sure this is only a temporary problem. There are always plenty of temporary workers available during the summer months.

permanent - continuing to exist for a long time or for all the time in the future, opposite temporary:

to hope for a permanent position, to offer a permanent job;

He gave up a permanent job in order to freelance. Only five of the firm's employees are permanent. The car accident has caused permanent damage to her eyesight. Temporary employees rarely have the same rights and benefits as permanent staff.

permanently - to work permanently.

to get by - to have enough money to buy the things you need, but no more, synonym manage:

to get by on one salary;

I don't earn a huge salary, but we get by. Sometimes they had to get by on very little. Somehow they manage to get by on $800 a month. I can barely get by on $ 60, 000 a year.

to do for a living – to do as a job:

What do you do for a living? All the way along, of course, I wondered what I would eventually do for a living. FreeI.net doesn't care about your name, your address, your age, or what you do for a living. I don't know what you do for a living but you obviously don't know much about the real world. It's what I do for a living.

to be in control – to have the power to make the decisions about how a country, place, company etc is organized or what it does:

to be in control (of something), to be in control of the project;

Anti-government forces are still in control of the area.

to gain – 1) to obtain or achieve something you want or need:

to gain control (power, a degree, qualification, strength, time);

After gaining independence in 1957, it was renamed 'Ghana' It took her a long time to gain enough confidence to speak in public.

2) to gradually get more and more of a quality, feeling etc, especially a useful or valuable one:

to gain a lot of experience (knowledge about sth);

Many of his ideas have gained popular support. The youngsters gradually gain confidence in their abilities. It took her a long time to gain enough confidence to speak in public. She stayed in the job for five years, gaining valuable experience.

to expand – 1) to become larger in size, number, or amount, or to make something become larger, opposite contract;

Water expands as it freezes. Metals expand when they are heated. Sydney's population expanded rapidly in the 1960s. The university is planning to expand the number of students to over 20,000.

2) if a company, business etc expands, or if someone expands it, they open new shops, factories:

The computer industry has expanded greatly over the last decade. The hotel wants to expand its business by adding a swimming pool. The business was growing rapidly and beginning to expand abroad.

to require – 1) to need something:

to require any further information, to require for a local shop;

What's required is a complete reorganization of the system. Most house plants require regular watering.

2) if you are required to do or have something, a law or rule says you must do it or have it:

You are required by law to wear a seat belt. Regulations require that students attend at least 90% of the lectures. The bill failed to get the required number of votes. The job requires a college degree and a knowledge of computers.

an employer - a person, company, or organization that employs people:

The shoe factory is the largest employer in this area. We will need a reference from your last employer before we can send you a contract.

an employee - someone who is paid to work for someone else, synonym worker:

The restrooms are for employees only. We are a multi-national corporation with 140,000 employees worldwide.

employment - the condition of having a paid job:

terms and conditions of employment, employment agency, employment opportunities/prospects;

She was offered employment in the sales office. Steve's still looking for full-time employment. Are you in full-time employment, Mr Edwards? I have not yet signed a contract of employment.

to sack - to dismiss someone from their job, synonym fire:

They couldn't sack me - I'd done nothing wrong. He was sacked from every other job he had. He was sacked for being drunk.

the sack - when someone is dismissed from their job:

to give sb the sack, to give the sack for sth, to get the sack;

They've never actually given anyone the sack. He got the sack for stealing.

to fire - to force someone to leave their job, synonym sack:

to be (get) fired;

She didn't want to get fired. I've just been fired from my job, and I don't know what to do. The airline fired him for being drunk. You’re fired!

to hire - to employ someone for a short time to do a particular job:

Employers hire skilled people on fixed-term contracts.

to quit (quit / qui tt ed – qui tt ing) - 1) to leave a job, school etc, especially without finishing it completely:

He quit his job after an argument with a colleague. I quit school at 16. She has decided to quit show business. I've always regretted quitting piano lessons. She quite her job and went traveling in South America.

2) to stop doing something, especially something that is bad or annoying:

The majority of smokers say that they would like to quit the habit. Quit that! You're driving me crazy. I quit taking the pills because they were making me put on weight.

to apply - to apply for a full-time job (a well-paid job, a teaching position), to apply in writing

application - a formal, usually written, request for something such as a job, place at university, or permission to do something:

an application form, to help with the application, a job application process, to fill in an application form, to request (send) an application form, a request for an application form;

We receive hundreds of job applications each year. I filled in the application form and sent it off. He received a letter saying that his application had been rejected. Thank you for your letter of application, which we received yesterday. Since I left university I've sent off nearly fifty job applications.

an applicant - someone who has formally asked, usually in writing, for a job, university place:

a successful (unsuccessful) applicant (= someone who is accepted or not accepted for a job etc)

He was one of 30 applicants for the manager's job. Ten women were selected from over 30 applicants. All applicants will be interviewed.

option - a choice you can make in a particular situation:

a much better option;

He had two options. This was not the only option open to him. She had the option of staying for an extra year. What other options do I have? Working full-time may not be your best option. I have no option.

to work in / at / for - You work at or in a place or institution. In is more often used when referring to a type of place, and at when referring to a particular one: e.g. P eople who work in an office. I worked at the local bakery. You work for a company or organization.

to work in - to do a job that you are paid for:

to work in advertising (television, publishing, the media, electronic publishing, the industry, the tourist industry, the service industry, other services).

to advertise – 1) to tell the public about a product or service in order to persuade them to buy it:

to advertise (something) on television (in a newspaper);

They no longer advertise alcohol or cigarettes at sporting events. "How did you find out about the new software?" "It was advertised on TV."

2) to make an announcement, for example in a newspaper or on a poster, that a job is available, an event is going to happen etc:

I see they're advertising for a new Sales Director. The concert was advertised in all the national newspapers. There was a big poster advertising a well-known brand of cola.

advertisement (ad, advert) - a picture, set of words, or a short film, which is intended to persuade people to buy a product or use a service, or that gives information about a job that is available, an event that is going to happen etc:

a newspaper (television, radio) advertisement, a full-page (half-page, two-page) advertisement, to put (place, take) an advertisement in a newspaper, to answer (reply) to an advertisement;

The Sunday papers are full of advertisements for cars. She saw an advertisement for a ski vacation in Vermont. They put an advertisement in The Morning News, offering a high salary for the right person. The organizers of the concert had taken out (= arranged for) a full page advertisement in The New York Times.

to attach – 1) to fasten or connect one object to another, synonym fix:

to attach something to something, the attached form/cheque/leaflet etc;

Attach a recent photograph to your application form. Full details are shown in the attached leaflet. You will see from the attached resumé that I have a considerable amount of experience. A copy of my resume is attached to this letter.

skill - an ability to do something well, especially because you have learned and practised it:

Reading and writing are two different skills. Many jobs today require computer skills.

self-employed – not to work for others.

Listening

ID card - a card with your name, date of birth, and photograph on it, that proves who you are.

a graphic designer - someone who combines pictures, words, and decoration in the production of books, magazines etc.

to promote – 1) to help something to develop or increase:

A balanced diet promotes good health. They're trying to promote Dubai as a tourist destination.

2) to give someone a better, more responsible job in a company, opposite demote:

to promote somebody to something, to promote to manager, to be promoted to the position;

Helen was promoted to senior manager.

3) to help sell a new product, film etc by offering it at a reduced price or by advertising it:

She's in London to promote her new book. Meg Ryan is in Europe to promote her new movie. To promote their new shampoo, they are selling it at half price for a month.

promotion – 1) a move to a more important job or position in a company or organization:

to have no chance for promotion;

I want a job with good prospects for promotion. Your promotion to Senior Editor is now official. She got a promotion last year. What are my chances of promotion if I stay here?

2) an activity intended to help sell a product, or the product that is being promoted:

a winter sales promotion.

a range – 1) a number of people or things that are all different, but are all of the same general type:

a range of services, a wide (broad, full) range of something, a narrow (limited) range of something;

2) the limits within which amounts, quantities, ages etc vary:

age (price, temperature) range, toys suitable for children in the pre-school age range, a salary in the range of $25,000 to $30,000

3) a set of similar products made by a particular company or available in a particular shop:

a new range of kitchenware.

to fancy doing - to like or want something, or want to do something, synonym feel like:

Sorry, but I don't fancy going out tonight. I really fancy going for a swim.

to be exhausted – to be extremely tired, synonym to be worn out:

You look absolutely exhausted. I was exhausted by the journey. I was exhausted every day when I first started teaching, but I'm used to it now. We had been walking for over 20 miles, and we were completely exhausted.

exhaustion - extreme tiredness:

nervous exhaustion (= when you become ill because you have been working too hard or have been very worried), to suffer from exhaustion;

He collapsed with exhaustion.

Dictionary Corner

to make sb do - to cause sb do sth:

to make sb to rewrite everything;

I like him because he makes me laugh. This cold medicine makes me fall asleep. What made you think of that?

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