Treaties with Allies of Germany.

Organization of Versailles Conference.

Problems of the regulations with Germany and it’s Allies were solved on the Paris Conference, which held on January 18-June 28,1919. Representatives of 27 states took part in it, which were divided into 4 groups:

1. The USA(Wilson), Great Britain(Lloyd George), France(Georges Clemenceau) – The Big Three, Italy and Japan(Orlando), took part in all meetings.

2. Britain dominions and 19 other states discussed only problems concerned their states.

3. Four Latin American states, which broke diplomatic relations with Germany and Allies.

4. Neutral states and states, which should been formed. They took part in discussing only special questions.

Peaceful negotiations led on the base of “14 Points” of the USA President Woodrow Wilson:

refusal of secret diplomacy;

provision free trade;

disarmament;

the right of nations to self-determination;

base of the postwar reorganization of the world;

Decisions of Versailles Treaty.

On June 1919 Versailles Treaty was concluded and consist of 440 points:

· Alsace and Lorraine were returned to France;

· Eupen, Malmedy and Morene were given to Belgium;

· Demilitarization zone was formed on left bank of Rhine, where Germany couldn’t build fortifications, to place military forces;

· Sahar coal ores were ceded to France;

· Germany recognized the Independence of Poland and passed some territories in Upper Silesia:

· Northern part of Shchlezwig was ceded to Denmark;

· Klaipeda was joined to Lithuania;

· States of Entente occupied Germany colonies in Africa and islands in Pacific Ocean;

· Kiao-Chao and German concessions in Shandon became a property of Japan. That’s why China refused to sign Versailles Treaty.

The German army was limited to 100,000 men and officers with 12 year enlistments for the former and 25 for the latter. The General Staff was also abolished. The Navy lost its submarines and most offensive naval forces, and was limited to 15,000 men and officers. Aircraft and blimps were outlawed.

A Reparations Commission was created to determine Germany’s war debt to the Allies, which figured in 1921 to be $32.4 billion, to be paid over an extended period of time. In meantime, Germany was to begin immediate payments in goods and raw materials.

As a result, Germany lost 1/8 of territory and 1/12 of population.

Washington Treaty.

Washington Conference solved the problems of postwar regulations on the Far East and began on November 12, 1921.

The USA, Japan, France, Italy, Belgium, Holland, Portugal, China and six states of Britain Empire took part. Soviet Russia and Fareast Republic weren’t invited to Washington. There were two problems discussed in Washington:

· Limitation of Navy;

· Pacific Ocean and Far East problems;

And were concluded the Five Power Treaty, the Four Power Treaty, the Nine Power Treaty.

Treaties with Allies of Germany.

The Treaty of St.Germain (September 10,1919). The Allied treaty with Austria legitimized the breaup of the Austrian Empire in the latter days of the war and saw Austrian territory ceded to Italy and the new states of Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Yugoslavia. The agreement included military restrictions and debt payments.

Treaty of Neuilly (November 27, 1919). Bulgaria lost territory to Yugoslavia and Greece and also had military limitation and reparations.

Treaty of Trianon (June 4,1920). The agreement with Hungary was delayed because of the communist revolution there in 1919 and Rumania’s occupation of Budapest. Hungary lost two-thirds of its prewar territory in the agreement to Rumania, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia and became almost purely Magyar nation.

Treaty of Serves (August 10,1920). This treaty lost Turkey most of its non-Turkish territory, principally in the Middle and Near East, and saw the Straits and the surrounding area internationalized and demilitarized.

Cede	уступать	беру
Enlistment	вербовка, поступление на военную службу	әскери жұмысқа қабылдау
Offensive	наступательный	шабуылдау
Outlawed	вне закона	заңнан тыс

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