Central nervous system drugs

Grammar: Modal verbs

Exercise 1. Learn the following words:

1. euphoria 2. lethargy 3. coffee 4. meperidine 5. caffeine 6. amphetamine 7. barbiturates 8. heroine 9. codeine 10. unconsciousness 11. Phenobarbital 12. anxiety 13. diazepam 14. chlordiazepoxide 15. diethyl 16. phenothiazine 17. tricyclic 18. talkativeness 19. ether 20. analgesics 21. anesthetics 22. anesthesia 23. appreciation 24. cocaine 25. thiopental 26. halothane 27. chloral hydrates 28. hypnosis 29. hypnotics 30. nitrous oxide 31. restlessness 32. excessive dose 33. anticonvulsant 34. sedation 35. addictive (habit-forming) 36. cerebral cortex

1. [ju: ΄fo:riә] 2. [΄leθәdʒi] 3. [΄kofi] 4. [΄mi:pәridi:n] 5. [΄kæfi:n] 6. [әm΄fetәmi:n] 7. [ba:΄bit∫urits] 8. [΄herәuin] 9. [΄kәudi:n] 10. [ʌn΄kon∫әsnәs] 11. [΄fi:nәu΄ba:bitәl 12. [æŋ΄zaiәti] 13. [dai΄eizәpәm] 14. [΄klo:rdai΄eizәpәksaid] 15. [dai΄eӨil] 16. [΄fi:nou΄Өaiәzi:n] 17. [trai΄saiklik] 18. [΄to:kәtivnәs] 19. [΄i:Өә] 20. [ænәl΄dʒi:siks] 21. [΄ænis΄Өetiks] 22. [΄ænis΄Өi: ʒiә] 23. [ә΄pri: ∫i΄ei∫n] 24. [kou΄kein] 25. [΄Өai ә΄pentәl] 26. [΄hælouӨein] 27. [΄klo:rәl ΄haidreits] 28. [hip΄nousis] 29. [hip΄noutics] 30. [΄naitrәs ΄oksaid] 31. [΄restlәsnәs] 32. [ik΄sesiv ΄douz] 33. [΄æntikәn΄vʌlsәnt] 34. [si΄dei∫n] 35. [ә΄diktiv]   36. [΄seribrәl ΄ko:tәks]

1. ейфорія 2. летаргія 3. кава 4. меперидін 5. кофеїн 6. амфетамін 7. барбітурати 8. героїн 9. кодеїн 10. без свідомість 11. фенобарбітал 12. тривога 13. діазепам 14. хлордіазепоксід 15. діетіл 16. фенотіазін 17. трьохциклічний 18. балакучість 19. ефір 20. болезаспокійливе 21. знеболююче 22. анестезія 23. відчуття 24. кокаїн 25. тіопентал 26. галоман 27. хлоралгідрат 28. гіпноз 29. снодійне 30. закис азоту 31. занепокоєння 32. надмірна доза 33. проти судомне 34. седативний ефект 35. що викликає звикання 36. кора головного мозку

Exercise 2. Read and then translate the following word combinations into the Ukrainian language:

Gastrointestinal disorders, central nervous system, spinal cord, to speed up the vital processes, in case of shock and collapse, to oppose the depressant effect, temporary feeling of euphoria, to relive lethargy, side effects, to suppress the central nervous system, to be addictive (habit-forming), to be used for control, severe disturbances of behaviour of psychoses, electrical discharges, to result in abnormal muscular movements, loss of consciousness, sensory and cognitive parts of brain, to control movement and motor activity, to affect in several ways, to account for talkativeness, consumption of alcohol, to be used as a dilator of vessels, to produce loss of sensation.

Exercise 3. Skim through the table and revise the forms of modal verbs:

Present	Past	Future
CAN мочь, уметь To be able to быть в состоянии	COULD Was/were able to	Will be able to
MAY вероятность Разрешение To be allowed to	MIGHT Was/were allowed to	Will be allowed to
MUST должен To have to приходится To be to по договоренности	Had to	Will have to
SHOULD следует должен
NEED надо нуждаться (прав. гл.)
OUGHT TO следует

Exercise 4. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the use of modal verbs:

1. The environment must be provided with the proper amount of oxygen for the growth of aerobic microorganisms.

2. I’m sure the doctor ought not to have told him that the disease is incurable. He should have encouraged him.

3. The doctor had to examine the patient’s pulse and to take his temperature to exclude the possible diagnosis of influenza.

4. A neuropsychologist is to treat people with brain damage (cerebral lesions, hemorrhages, tumors)

5. During the experiment the scientist was to investigate the process of inhibition in the cortex of the experimental animal.

6. Convulsions in this patient must have resulted from mental overstrain.

7. Everyone should remember that most viruses are destroyed at the temperature 50⁰-60⁰ within 30-60 minutes.

8. Any woman who is pregnant should get enough folic acid.

9. Oil-soluble vitamins can be stored for long periods of time in the body’s fatty tissue and the liver.

10. High doses of certain vitamins can cause vitamin poisoning.

Exercise 5. Read and translate the text:

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