Anatomy of the urinary system

THE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE URINARY SYSTEM

АНАТОМІЯ ТА ФІЗІОЛОГІЯ СЕЧОВИДІЛЬНОЇ СИСТЕМИ

(Participle I and Participle II – Revision. Word-formation – Revision)

PART I

Exercise 1. Read and memorize:

ureter [ju'ri:tə] – сечовід

duct [dekt] - протока (залози); канал

convey [kən'vei] - перевозити, транспортувати

urethra [ju'ri:arə] - сечовипускальний канал, уретра

areolar tissue [‘əˈriːələ] - пухка сполучна тканина

tapering extremity – звужуючийся край

cavernous ['kævənəs] - печеристий; порожнинний; кавернозний

Exercise 2. Read and translate into your native language:

Mass of fat and loose areolar tissue, breadth and thinkness, an upper and lower extremity of the kidney, a thick-walled narrow cylindrical tube, tapering extremity of the renal pelvis, triangle-shaped organ, the prostatic, membranous, and cavernous portions, ligaments.

Exercise 3. Read and translate paying attention to the translation of Participles:

1. The children playing in this room have measles.

2. The moaning man was brought to the emergency department.

3. The coughing child has whooping cough.

4. The blood coming from the lungs is rich in oxygen.

5. The accompanying symptoms of hepatitis A are nausea, vomiting and fever.

6. Scarlet fever is characterized by rash covering the entire trunk.

Exercise 4. Find corresponding definition to the words on the left:

urine	the duct by which urine is conveyed out of the body from the bladder
ureter	a distensible membranous sac in which the urine excreted from the kidneys is stored
urethra	each of a pair of organs in the abdominal cavity of mammals, birds, and reptiles, that excrete urine
urinary bladder	the duct by which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder or cloaca
kidney	a watery, typically yellowish fluid which contains nitrogen compounds such as urea and other waste substances removed from the blood by the kidneys

Exercise 5. Read and translate the text:

ANATOMY OF THE URINARY SYSTEM

The urinary system consists of two kidneys, which secrete the urine, the ureters, or ducts, which convey urine to the urinary bladder, where it is stored for some time; and the urethra, through which it is discharged from the body.

The kidneys are situated in the posterior part of the abdomen, one on either side of the spine, behind the peritoneum, and surrounded by a mass of fat and loose areolar tissue.

Each kidney is about 11.25 cm in length, 5 to 7.5 cm in breadth, and rather more than 2.5 cm in thickness. The left kidney is longer and narrower, than the right one. The weight of the kidney in the adult male varies from 125 to 170 gm, in the adult female from 115 to 155 gm. The kidney has a characteristic form, two surfaces, two borders, and an upper and lower extremity.

The ureters are two tubes which convey the urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. The ureter measures from 25 to 30 cm in length, and is a thick-walled narrow cylindrical tube which is directly continuous near the lower end of the kidney with the tapering extremity of the renal pelvis.

The urinary bladder is a triangle-shaped, hollow musculomembranous organ. It is located in the lower abdomen and is held in place by ligaments that are attached to other organs and the pelvic bones.

The urethra is a tube that connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. Male and female urethra differs in shape and length. Male urethra length varies from 17.5 to 20 cm; and it is divided into three portions, the prostatic, membranous, and cavernous. The female urethra is a narrow membranous canal, about 4 cm. long.

Exercise 6. Answer the questions to the text:

1. What does the urinary system consist of?

2. What organs secrete the urine?

3. What is the function of the ureters?

4. Where is the urine stored before it is discharged from the body?

5. What is the function of the urethra?

6. Where are the kidneys situated?

7. What conveys urine from the kidneys?

8. Where is the urinary bladder situated?

9. What is the difference between male and female urethra?

Exercise 7. Tranlsate the following word-combinations into English:

З кожного боку хребта, підтримуватися зв’язками, ниркова миска, очеревина, маса жирних нещільних пухких сполучних тканини, нирки та сечевой міхур, товстостінна вузька циліндрична трубка, переносити сечу, задня частина черевної порожнини, сечовід та сечовипускальний канал.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-30