American English. to develop – развивать(ся)

Vocabulary:

nearly – почти

to develop – развивать(ся)

century – век, столетие

to absorb – впитывать; абсорбировать; поглощать

supply – снабжение, поставка; подача, поступление; приток

slave – раб

wild – дикий

pioneer – пионер, первопоселенец, первопроходец

important – важный

communi­cation – общение; средство общения

colonist – колонист, поселенец

to derive – получать, извлекать; происходить

speech – речь

various – разнообразный, различный

tribe – племя

implements – принадлежности, утварь; инвентарь

preparation – подготовка, приготовление

kind – вид, сорт, тип

to borrow – заимствовать, перенимать

to reflect – отражать

etc. – от лат. et cetera – и так далее (и т.д.)

a number of – некоторое количество, ряд (чего-либо)

considerable – значительный

e.g. – от лат. exempli gratia - например

substantial – существенный, важный, значимый

borrowing – заимствование

to adopt – принимать; перенимать, усваивать

to re­ceive – получать, приобретать

Dutch – голландский

settler – поселенец; колонист; постоянный житель

to contribute – способствовать, вносить вклад

following – (ниже)следующий

to increase – увеличивать(ся)

influence – влияние

mass media – средства массовой информации (пресса, радио, телевидение)

to cause – вызывать, быть причиной

steady – неуклонный; постоянный

infiltration – просачивание, проникновение (прям. и перенос.)

expression – выражение

perfectly – в полной мере; отлично, прекрасно

spelling – орфография, правописание

pronunciation – произношение

each – каждый

case – случай

common – общий, всеобщий; общепринятый, распространённый

academic year – учебный год

to divide into – делить(ся) на

to refer to – относиться к, касаться

to use – использовать

differently – по-друому; иначе

preposition – предлог

Nearly 265 million people live in the USA and speak English.

American English develop ed rapidly during the 19th centu­ry, absorb ing a rich supply of new words and phrases from African American slave s, Wild West pioneer s and millions of European immigrants. In the 20th century it has become one of the world's most important forms of international communi­cation. The early colonist s in the new world were speaking English, the language of Shakespeare, when they came to America. First the words derive d from the speech of various Indian tribe s. From the Indians the many geo­graphical names of rivers, lakes, mountains, names for objects (plants, animals), implements and food preparation s of a new kind, such as canoe, moccasin, wigwam, toboggan, tomahawk, totem, igloo, etc. were borrow ed. American English reflect s the other non-Eng­lish cultures.

From the French a considerable number of words were de­rived, e.g. rapid, prairies, etc.

More substantialborrowing s were made from the Spanish colonization and culture. Spanish words were adopt ed at two dif­ferent periods. In the early colonial days, American English re­ceive d Creole, mulatto. Then, after Mexican war it had words like canyon, ranch, and sombrero.

The Dutchsettler s of New York contribute d in American English the following words: boss, cookie, Santa Claus. The in­creasinginfluence of the mass media has cause d a steadyinfiltration of American words and expression s into British English like "okay", "computer".

People in Britain and America understand each other perfectly most of the time, but there are a number of differences in grammar, vocabulary, spelling and pronunciation between British English and American English.

Vocabulary.

The British English word comes first in eachcase.

Roads and transport

taxi / cab/taxi

return (ticket) / round trip

petrol / gas (gasoline)

main road / highway

motorway / interstate

underground / subway

subway / underpass

pavement / sidewalk

lorry / truck

car park / parking lot

Education

secondary school / high school

university / college

Time

autumn / fall

holiday / vacation

fortnight / two weeks

Homes

tap / faucet

rubbish / garbage/trash

dustbin / trashcan

wardrobe / closet

Buildings

flat / apartment

ground floor / first floor

lift / elevator

toilet (gents/ladies) / restroom (men’s/ladies’ room)

Note: Some American English words are now becoming more common in British English, e.g. movie (Br. = film); apartment (Br. = flat); semester (Br. = term). [An academic year may be divide d into two semesters or three terms.] One special problem is that “guys” in American English can refer to men and/or women, but in British English it is only use d to refer to men.

Spelling

American English	British English
check	cheque
color	colour
defense	defence
dialog	dialogue
jewelry	jewellery
theater	theatre
tire	tyre
traveler	traveller
realise	realize
favorite	favourite

Grammar

1. American English often uses the past where British English

uses the present perfect.

U.S. — Did you eat yet? G.B. — Have you eaten yet?

2. American English sometimes uses the verb 'to have' d ifferently

from British English.

U.S. — Do you have G.B. — Have you got a

a problem? problem?

3. The past participle of "get" in American English is "gotten". In

British English it is "got".

U.S. — We've never realy gotten to know each other. G.B. — We've never really got to know each other.

4. There are lots of small differences in the use of preposition s.

U.S.	G.B.
check something out	check something
do something over	do something
fill out a form	fill in a form
meet with somebody	meet somebody
protest something	protest about something
stay home	stay at home
visit with somebody	visit somebody
Monday thru Friday	Monday to Friday
ten of eleven	ten to eleven

5. On the telephone.

U.S. — Hello, is this Susan?

G.B. — Hello, is that Susan?

Дата добавления: 2015-10-29